Treatment is confined to complications such as infection, stones, bleeding and hypertension.
A low-protein diet may slow progression of the disease.
Operations, such as cyst puncture or removal, designed to relieve pressure, may make the condition worse.
Blood pressure control and prevention of kidney stones and infections have improved the prognosis for those with PKD. Dialysis and transplantation are other alternatives.
What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. The kidneys are two organs, each about the size of a fist, located in the upper part of a person's abdomen, toward the back. The kidneys filter wastes and extra fluid from the blood to form urine. They also regulate amounts of certain vital substances in the body. When cysts form in the kidneys, they are filled with fluid. PKD cysts can profoundly enlarge the kidneys while replacing much of the normal structure, resulting in reduced kidney function and leading to kidney failure.
When PKD causes kidneys to fail-which usually happens after many years-the patient requires dialysis or kidney transplantation. About one-half of people with the most common type of PKD progress to kidney failure, also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
ADPKD is uncommon – only one in every 1,000 people are born with the condition.
However, ADPKD is the most common genetic condition to affect the kidneys. It is estimated that around 50,000 people in the UK currently have ADPKD symptoms or will develop the condition at some point.
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