NS complications is an important factor affecting prognosis and long-term patients, should actively monitor.
1. Infection
Usually in hormone therapy without antibiotics to prevent infection, if not prophylactically only achieve, but can induce fungal superinfection. Once infected, the timely use of sensitive pathogens, potent nephrotoxic antibiotics and no active treatment, there is a clear focus of infection should be removed as soon as possible. Reduction should be considered in severe infections difficult to control or disable the hormone, subject to the specific circumstances of the patient decide.
2. Complications of thrombotic and embolic
Generally, when the serum albumin of less than 20 g / L (idiopathic membranous nephropathy is less than 25 g / L) anticoagulant therapy may be administered heparin (LMWH can also be used) or subcutaneous injection oral.La warfarin anticoagulation can complement both antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or dipyridamole produced via oral.Se thrombosis, embolism, as soon as possible (within 6 hours of the best, but still expected in 3 valid days) give urokinase systemic or local or streptokinase thrombolysis, with anticoagulant therapy, anticoagulation must be consistently applied generally over six months. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics should avoid overdoses cause bleeding.
3. Acute renal failure
NS concurrent acute renal failure can there be life threatening if not handled properly, if given the proper and timely treatment, it is expected that most patients recover. It may take the following measures:
(1) Loop diuretics: Still valid for loop diuretics should be greater quantities than seek the renal tubular obstruction.
(2) Hemodialysis: Diuretic is invalid, and has come to the indications for dialysis, hemodialysis should be given in order to sustain life, and supplementary products suitable plasma after dehydration, to reduce edema renal interstitial.
(3) The treatment of the primary disease: Due to its pathological type more are minimal change nephropathy, should be actively treated.
(4) alkaline urine: Alkaline sodium bicarbonate in the urine can be taken orally to reduce tube formation.
4. Disorder protein and fat metabolism
Before referral NS is often difficult to fully correct before metabolic disorders, but the diet should be adjusted to the amount of fat and protein and structure, and strive to reduce the influence of metabolic disturbances to a minimum. Currently, many drugs available for the treatment of metabolic protein and fat metabolism. As ACEI receptor antagonists and angiotensin Ⅱ can reduce proteinuria, some studies suggest that astragalus may promote liver synthesis of albumin, and can therefore reduce the role of hyperlipidemia. cholesterol lowering agents can choose based cholesterol lowering hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, such as lovastatin and other statins, clofibrate or lower triglycerides based on categories such as fenofibrate and so on. NS remission natural ease hyperlipidemia is no need to continue drug treatment.
Above is preventing complications of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月30日星期二
Hazards dialysis
Experts point out that kidney dialysis is hemodialysis, hemodialysis solute through a semipermeable membrane from a high concentration of the solution under the concentration address. Including hemodialysis solute movement and the movement of water, making hemodialysis blood metabolic waste and excess electrolyte fluid moves dialysis. Hemodialysis can be a mixture of albumin and urea in the dialyzer, excreted by artificial means, to achieve an equilibrium state of the body.
Dialysis is the human body can not metabolize substances through the function of the organs of the State to achieve balance in the body, people once kidney damage, endocrine disorders of the body will, until renal dysfunction will be used in dialysis, dialysis for kidney patients is a straightforward solution to get rid of pain, can slow life. But in many benefits for the human body will be under the dangers often inevitable: why does no harm kidney dialysis?
1. Dialysis long term, will produce dependency. Only kidney dialysis treatment in an auxiliary tool, only pain relief as soon as possible and not be able to dig up the roots, dialysis time, the body will produce dependence, long have side effects on the body human.
2. Renal Dialysis can save lives, but can not cure. Dialysis appropriate rapid detox toxins may dialysis and serious complications following the passage of time will be deadly.
3. Kidney dialysis delay, the time of treatment was lost. If after renal dialysis gradually began to be used not much time will be completely destroyed, there is no way that re-treatment time and repair.
4. It causes gradual loss of kidney disease dialysis renal disease. To rely solely on the patient if the long-term dialysis, renal function will be because the only long-term disuse atrophy, scrap, and after dialysis no longer fertile.
The above is a brief introduction. if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Dialysis is the human body can not metabolize substances through the function of the organs of the State to achieve balance in the body, people once kidney damage, endocrine disorders of the body will, until renal dysfunction will be used in dialysis, dialysis for kidney patients is a straightforward solution to get rid of pain, can slow life. But in many benefits for the human body will be under the dangers often inevitable: why does no harm kidney dialysis?
1. Dialysis long term, will produce dependency. Only kidney dialysis treatment in an auxiliary tool, only pain relief as soon as possible and not be able to dig up the roots, dialysis time, the body will produce dependence, long have side effects on the body human.
2. Renal Dialysis can save lives, but can not cure. Dialysis appropriate rapid detox toxins may dialysis and serious complications following the passage of time will be deadly.
3. Kidney dialysis delay, the time of treatment was lost. If after renal dialysis gradually began to be used not much time will be completely destroyed, there is no way that re-treatment time and repair.
4. It causes gradual loss of kidney disease dialysis renal disease. To rely solely on the patient if the long-term dialysis, renal function will be because the only long-term disuse atrophy, scrap, and after dialysis no longer fertile.
The above is a brief introduction. if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure
Acute renal failure is a syndrome. For a variety of reasons cause, glomerular filtration rate decreased rapidly below 50% of normal, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased rapidly and cause water substance disorders and disorders of acid-power balance base and symptoms of acute uremia. Acute renal failure is observed in disease subjects, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure are different, such as early diagnosis and timely rescue, renal function is fully restored, such as delayed treatment may be fatal . The prognosis of the primary disease, age, diagnosis and treatment sooner or later, if you want to combine multiple organ failure, and other factors.
Clinical manifestations
1. Oliguria: (1) Three low (sodium, calcium, reduced pH), three high (potassium, phosphorus, creatinine increased), edema (2) uremic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, difficulty. breathing, coughing, chest pain, hypertension, heart failure, drowsiness, mental confusion, tremors and epileptic seizures, anemia and bleeding tendency etc. (3) Infection according to the site of infection to produce symptoms.
2. The time of much urine: The function of the kidneys failed to restore, blood urea and creatinine continues to rise, and prone to dehydration, infection, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding etc.
3. Convalescence: blood urea nitrogen and creatinine near normal, urine output gradually returned to normal, the role of glomerular filtration rate in 3-12 months more back to normal.
Differential Diagnosis
based diagnosis
1. There shock or hemolysis, drug toxicity or intravascular allergies.
2. By correcting or exclude acute hypovolemia, dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, urine remains ≤ 17 / ml / hu urine remains ≤ 400 / ml / 24h.
3. Specific gravity of urine in 1015 or less, and even set to 1,010.
4. Abrupt onset and increasing azotemia.
5. The urine osmolality <350mOsm / Kg.H2O, urinary sodium> 40 mmol / L.
6. Except prerenal and postrenal azotemia little or no urine.
Above mentioned are the clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave message below!
Clinical manifestations
1. Oliguria: (1) Three low (sodium, calcium, reduced pH), three high (potassium, phosphorus, creatinine increased), edema (2) uremic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, difficulty. breathing, coughing, chest pain, hypertension, heart failure, drowsiness, mental confusion, tremors and epileptic seizures, anemia and bleeding tendency etc. (3) Infection according to the site of infection to produce symptoms.
2. The time of much urine: The function of the kidneys failed to restore, blood urea and creatinine continues to rise, and prone to dehydration, infection, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding etc.
3. Convalescence: blood urea nitrogen and creatinine near normal, urine output gradually returned to normal, the role of glomerular filtration rate in 3-12 months more back to normal.
Differential Diagnosis
based diagnosis
1. There shock or hemolysis, drug toxicity or intravascular allergies.
2. By correcting or exclude acute hypovolemia, dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, urine remains ≤ 17 / ml / hu urine remains ≤ 400 / ml / 24h.
3. Specific gravity of urine in 1015 or less, and even set to 1,010.
4. Abrupt onset and increasing azotemia.
5. The urine osmolality <350mOsm / Kg.H2O, urinary sodium> 40 mmol / L.
6. Except prerenal and postrenal azotemia little or no urine.
Above mentioned are the clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave message below!
Inspections of chronic renal failure
1. Laboratory tests commonly used
Projects include urinalysis, renal function, urinary protein of 24 hours, glucose, uric acid, lipids etc, and serum electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg etc), analysis of arterial blood gases, renal imaging etc.
Check the function of glomerular filtration of the main methods are: serum creatinine (Scr), the rate of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and other radionuclides measured GFR etc. The normal value Ccr: 90 ± 10 ml / min. For different groups of people, their values, Scr, Ccr may differ significantly, doctors have to judge correctly.
2. The imaging inspection
Generally only the B-mode ultrasound to exclude stones, renal tuberculosis, renal cystic disease. Some special cases can be made radionuclide renography, intravenous urography, renal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Renogram examination of acute and chronic renal failure in the differential diagnosis useful. As the results showed kidneys segment renogram vessel segment discharge the functions of excretion are poor, they are not generally indicative of CRF, as diagram kidney showed better renal vascular segment, excretory functions poorly, was "obstructive" (parabolic) are generally indicative of acute renal failure exists.
Above mentioned are the inspections of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Projects include urinalysis, renal function, urinary protein of 24 hours, glucose, uric acid, lipids etc, and serum electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg etc), analysis of arterial blood gases, renal imaging etc.
Check the function of glomerular filtration of the main methods are: serum creatinine (Scr), the rate of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and other radionuclides measured GFR etc. The normal value Ccr: 90 ± 10 ml / min. For different groups of people, their values, Scr, Ccr may differ significantly, doctors have to judge correctly.
2. The imaging inspection
Generally only the B-mode ultrasound to exclude stones, renal tuberculosis, renal cystic disease. Some special cases can be made radionuclide renography, intravenous urography, renal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Renogram examination of acute and chronic renal failure in the differential diagnosis useful. As the results showed kidneys segment renogram vessel segment discharge the functions of excretion are poor, they are not generally indicative of CRF, as diagram kidney showed better renal vascular segment, excretory functions poorly, was "obstructive" (parabolic) are generally indicative of acute renal failure exists.
Above mentioned are the inspections of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure
1. Prerenal acute renal failure
Since prerenal factors make the effective circulating blood volume decreases renal blood flow, induced renal dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion renal blood flow. Reduced glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular urea nitrogen, water and sodium reabsorption relative increase in blood urea nitrogen patients increased, decreased urine output, specific gravity of urine increased. Prerenal acute renal failure in patients with glomerular and tubular structure remains intact when it returned to normal renal perfusion, glomerular filtration rate also restored. But severe or persistent can prerenal renal hypoperfusion developed acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis.
(1) Effective hypovolemia: ① Bleeding: trauma, surgery, postpartum, digestive system etc. ② digestive loss, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal decompression etc. Diuretics ③ missing kidney, diabetic acidosis etc. ④ Loss of skin and mucous membranes, burns, fever etc. ⑤ The third compartment lost crush syndrome, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia low albumin etc.
(2) Reduction of cardiac output: include congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, severe arrhythmia.
(3) Systemic vasodilatation: sepsis, hepatic failure, allergic reactions, drugs (antihypertensive drugs, anesthetics etc.).
(4) Renal vasoconstriction: drug application norepinephrine, hepatorenal syndrome.
(5) Hemodynamic Changes affecting renal drugs: inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Post-renal acute renal failure
(1) Ureteral obstruction: ① Lock cavity: Crystals (uric acid etc), stones, blood clots etc. ② extraluminal obstruction: The retroperitoneal fibrosis, tumor, hematoma etc.
(2) Bladder neck obstruction: An enlarged prostate, bladder neck fibrosis, neurogenic bladder, prostate cancer etc.
(3) Obstruction urethral stricture etc.
3. Prerenal acute renal failure
(1) Renal tubular disease: Acute tubular necrosis most common. The etiologies include renal ischemia and renal toxicity. ① renal ischemia: prerenal acute renal failure of unknown cause. ② Renal poisoning: Common Toxic renal, such as drugs, contrast agents, heavy metals, biological toxins, organic solvents, myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, protein light chain, hypercalcemia etc.
(2) Glomerular Diseases: How rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis etc.
(3) Acute interstitial nephritis: acute nephritis (allergic) drug-induced interstitial, sepsis, severe infection, etc.
(4) Renal microvascular disease: necrotizing vasculitis primary or secondary malignant hypertension, kidney damage.
(5) Acute renal macrovascular disease: renal artery thrombosis / renal vein or bilateral or unilateral renal cholesterol crystal embolism, bleeding aneurysm, ruptured renal artery.
(6) Some chronic kidney disease: The worsening of chronic renal failure in promoting factors, leading to chronic renal failure, acute renal failure with acute exacerbation of clinical manifestations.
Above is the differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Since prerenal factors make the effective circulating blood volume decreases renal blood flow, induced renal dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion renal blood flow. Reduced glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular urea nitrogen, water and sodium reabsorption relative increase in blood urea nitrogen patients increased, decreased urine output, specific gravity of urine increased. Prerenal acute renal failure in patients with glomerular and tubular structure remains intact when it returned to normal renal perfusion, glomerular filtration rate also restored. But severe or persistent can prerenal renal hypoperfusion developed acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis.
(1) Effective hypovolemia: ① Bleeding: trauma, surgery, postpartum, digestive system etc. ② digestive loss, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal decompression etc. Diuretics ③ missing kidney, diabetic acidosis etc. ④ Loss of skin and mucous membranes, burns, fever etc. ⑤ The third compartment lost crush syndrome, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia low albumin etc.
(2) Reduction of cardiac output: include congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, severe arrhythmia.
(3) Systemic vasodilatation: sepsis, hepatic failure, allergic reactions, drugs (antihypertensive drugs, anesthetics etc.).
(4) Renal vasoconstriction: drug application norepinephrine, hepatorenal syndrome.
(5) Hemodynamic Changes affecting renal drugs: inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Post-renal acute renal failure
(1) Ureteral obstruction: ① Lock cavity: Crystals (uric acid etc), stones, blood clots etc. ② extraluminal obstruction: The retroperitoneal fibrosis, tumor, hematoma etc.
(2) Bladder neck obstruction: An enlarged prostate, bladder neck fibrosis, neurogenic bladder, prostate cancer etc.
(3) Obstruction urethral stricture etc.
3. Prerenal acute renal failure
(1) Renal tubular disease: Acute tubular necrosis most common. The etiologies include renal ischemia and renal toxicity. ① renal ischemia: prerenal acute renal failure of unknown cause. ② Renal poisoning: Common Toxic renal, such as drugs, contrast agents, heavy metals, biological toxins, organic solvents, myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, protein light chain, hypercalcemia etc.
(2) Glomerular Diseases: How rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis etc.
(3) Acute interstitial nephritis: acute nephritis (allergic) drug-induced interstitial, sepsis, severe infection, etc.
(4) Renal microvascular disease: necrotizing vasculitis primary or secondary malignant hypertension, kidney damage.
(5) Acute renal macrovascular disease: renal artery thrombosis / renal vein or bilateral or unilateral renal cholesterol crystal embolism, bleeding aneurysm, ruptured renal artery.
(6) Some chronic kidney disease: The worsening of chronic renal failure in promoting factors, leading to chronic renal failure, acute renal failure with acute exacerbation of clinical manifestations.
Above is the differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月27日星期六
The cause of chronic renal failure
Chronic renal failure is a progressive renal disease, especially the final result, so the cause of chronic renal failure varied, common causes are:
① chronic glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative membrane; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, etc;
② kidney damage caused by metabolic disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis, etc;
③ vascular nephropathy, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis;
④ hereditary kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome;
⑤ infectious renal disease, such as chronic pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis;
⑥ systemic diseases such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma;
⑦ toxic nephropathy, such as analgesic nephropathy, kidney disease and other toxic heavy metals;
⑧ obstructive nephropathy, such as ureteral obstruction; reflux nephropathy, stones in the urinary tract and so on.
In addition, about 6% -9% of patients is difficult to determine the cause. According to foreign studies have shown that in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients, representing the first one is diabetic nephropathy, approximately 27.7% The second is the hypertensive renal damage, which represent 22.7%, chronic glomerulonephritis third, which is about 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24 0.5% .China is currently still no cause chronic renal failure, survey data on a large scale, from clinical experience, our cause of chronic renal failure is still dominated chronic glomerulonephritis, followed by interstitial disease. In recent years due to changes in lifestyle, resulting prevalence of the disease in a significant increase in our country increased, diabetes and hypertension caused by chronic renal failure also significantly increased the number of patients, this trend should bring the attention of the doctor.
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① chronic glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative membrane; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, etc;
② kidney damage caused by metabolic disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis, etc;
③ vascular nephropathy, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis;
④ hereditary kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome;
⑤ infectious renal disease, such as chronic pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis;
⑥ systemic diseases such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma;
⑦ toxic nephropathy, such as analgesic nephropathy, kidney disease and other toxic heavy metals;
⑧ obstructive nephropathy, such as ureteral obstruction; reflux nephropathy, stones in the urinary tract and so on.
In addition, about 6% -9% of patients is difficult to determine the cause. According to foreign studies have shown that in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients, representing the first one is diabetic nephropathy, approximately 27.7% The second is the hypertensive renal damage, which represent 22.7%, chronic glomerulonephritis third, which is about 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24 0.5% .China is currently still no cause chronic renal failure, survey data on a large scale, from clinical experience, our cause of chronic renal failure is still dominated chronic glomerulonephritis, followed by interstitial disease. In recent years due to changes in lifestyle, resulting prevalence of the disease in a significant increase in our country increased, diabetes and hypertension caused by chronic renal failure also significantly increased the number of patients, this trend should bring the attention of the doctor.
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Diet for chronic kidney disease
If you suffer from chronic renal kidney failure in a regular hospital for treatment after a reasonable must do so from the basic life care disease Diet is a major, then? What type of diet should be what is reasonable? Here are the details of the nephrologist for you:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible disease that has no cure, patients with advanced depend on dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life, early patient treatment aimed at controlling the rate of disease progression, time delay dialysis soon. The diet therapy is a non-dialysis stage of deterioration of renal function is very important for effective action.
1. Patients conIRCson usually accompanied by edema and hypertension should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet, severe oliguria edema, should limit the intake of water and potassium foods (longan, white fungus, sesame, etc)
2. Patients with CKD not on dialysis, you should give a low protein diet to reduce metabolites (blood urea nitrogen) source, reduce the load on the kidneys, reducing the rate of deterioration of renal function. Protein intake should be based on reasonable adjustments for renal impairment. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases 50 ml / min or less, should be carried out when adequate protein restriction (0.6g / kg) to meet the basic needs of the body's physiology without malnutrition. GFR <10 ml / min, which is the uremia, the protein must be strictly limited to 20 g / d, GFR> 20 ml / min, could add 5 g / d. And require more than 60% of high quality protein, essential amino acids containing animal proteins such as eggs, milk, meat origin and thus prevent low on.For protein malnutrition caused, can be added with essential amino acids and preparation mixed α-keto acid α-keto acid itself does not contain nitrogen, ammonia in the body with the essential amino acids combine to form the corresponding (EAA), EAA in the process of protein synthesis can use part of the urea, that can reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen, improves symptoms of uremia.
3. High calorie intake: Adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, to supply the body with enough heat to provide heat to prevent decomposition of proteins, reducing protein intake. For proper calorie intake, you can eat more margarine, vegetable oil and sugar. Food should be rich in vitamin B, C, folic acid, also give oral tablets.
4. Patients with CKD often have high phosphorus, hypocalcemia, easily lead to renal osteodystrophy, should be taken to limit phosphorus diet (containing 15 mg of protein per gram of phosphorus, limiting protein intake also limits the intake of phosphorus) and use of intestinal phosphate binders. It should be added calcium, every day should complement 1000 ~ 1500 mg, such as calcium carbonate, calcium supplements can not only correct the acidosis is phosphorus binders.
5. Patients with CKD on dialysis and do not need strict dietary restrictions, but should be according to height, weight, dialysis, frequency of dialysis and urine tests to develop your own diet program.
This is introduced prior knowledge of chronic renal failure diet nephrologist care, I hope my friends can pay attention to the patient as soon as possible to correct their mistakes diet, I wish you a speedy recovery!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is mailto: enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible disease that has no cure, patients with advanced depend on dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life, early patient treatment aimed at controlling the rate of disease progression, time delay dialysis soon. The diet therapy is a non-dialysis stage of deterioration of renal function is very important for effective action.
1. Patients conIRCson usually accompanied by edema and hypertension should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet, severe oliguria edema, should limit the intake of water and potassium foods (longan, white fungus, sesame, etc)
2. Patients with CKD not on dialysis, you should give a low protein diet to reduce metabolites (blood urea nitrogen) source, reduce the load on the kidneys, reducing the rate of deterioration of renal function. Protein intake should be based on reasonable adjustments for renal impairment. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases 50 ml / min or less, should be carried out when adequate protein restriction (0.6g / kg) to meet the basic needs of the body's physiology without malnutrition. GFR <10 ml / min, which is the uremia, the protein must be strictly limited to 20 g / d, GFR> 20 ml / min, could add 5 g / d. And require more than 60% of high quality protein, essential amino acids containing animal proteins such as eggs, milk, meat origin and thus prevent low on.For protein malnutrition caused, can be added with essential amino acids and preparation mixed α-keto acid α-keto acid itself does not contain nitrogen, ammonia in the body with the essential amino acids combine to form the corresponding (EAA), EAA in the process of protein synthesis can use part of the urea, that can reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen, improves symptoms of uremia.
3. High calorie intake: Adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, to supply the body with enough heat to provide heat to prevent decomposition of proteins, reducing protein intake. For proper calorie intake, you can eat more margarine, vegetable oil and sugar. Food should be rich in vitamin B, C, folic acid, also give oral tablets.
4. Patients with CKD often have high phosphorus, hypocalcemia, easily lead to renal osteodystrophy, should be taken to limit phosphorus diet (containing 15 mg of protein per gram of phosphorus, limiting protein intake also limits the intake of phosphorus) and use of intestinal phosphate binders. It should be added calcium, every day should complement 1000 ~ 1500 mg, such as calcium carbonate, calcium supplements can not only correct the acidosis is phosphorus binders.
5. Patients with CKD on dialysis and do not need strict dietary restrictions, but should be according to height, weight, dialysis, frequency of dialysis and urine tests to develop your own diet program.
This is introduced prior knowledge of chronic renal failure diet nephrologist care, I hope my friends can pay attention to the patient as soon as possible to correct their mistakes diet, I wish you a speedy recovery!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is mailto: enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
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