Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, is also one of the major causes of death in diabetic patients. From the earliest symptoms not evident diabetic nephropathy, usually easily overlooked, but when there is swelling, severe proteinuria, hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, and nephrotic syndrome or uremia, most of which are already at an advanced stage, prognosis more harm . Focusing of diabetic nephropathy is early diagnosis and treatment. Once diagnosed also necessary medical treatment, it is important that the diet should pay attention to conditioning. This not only helps reduce the burden on the kidneys, beneficial to control the disease and rehabilitation, but also relieving medication for a long time and cause further damage to the kidneys. Their diet is mainly the following:
1. Controlling the intake of vegetable protein. Patients with diabetes should control the intake of carbohydrates, often with vegetable proteins as nutritional supplements. The vegetable protein because it contains a lot of purine bases, excessive intake will increase the burden on the kidneys, must be limited to soy, beans, soy milk and other protein foods for human consumption, it can replace with fish, shrimp, sea cucumber, and lean meat etc.
2. Limit fat. When kidney disease occurs, you should limit the intake of fat, because fat can cause arteriosclerosis aggravates renal disease itself is the performance of renal arteriosclerosis. You can use vegetable oil to replace animal fat, vegetable daily intake should be controlled at 60-70 g or less.
3. Limit foods high in purines. A large amount of purine metabolism in the body will increase the load on the kidneys. Celery, spinach, peanuts, chicken, all kinds of broth, pork, sardines and offal of animals and so rich in purines, should be strictly limited to food. Lean meat also contains purines, may be the first meat consumption in the water for cooking, drinking no disposable soup.
4. Eat less salt, do not eat eggs. In renal disease edema and hypertension appear, you should limit the amount of salt, the day generally 2-4g of salt intake is appropriate. Egg proteins in the metabolic process more uric acid is produced. When renal function is impaired, make the end product of nitrogen accumulation live heavier burden on the kidneys, so when there is renal insufficiency should not eat.
Above losRecetas diet for diabetic nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We have articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2015年1月3日星期六
Science Diet hypertensive nephropathy
1. Changes in eating habits: They must be under the supervision of a physician to discuss your diet, change bad eating habits, restricting certain foods to meet nutritional needs, improve quality of life.
2. Control of heat supply heat The correct amount should be based on disease for decision generally maintain ideal body weight as the standard. Because these patients tend to have disorders of lipid metabolism, so reducing fat intake not only helps control the heat, but also to improve metabolic disorders.
3. Low-salt, high-vitamin diet: Hypertensive patients with nephropathy should control salt intake, avoid salty foods, addition of preservatives in foods to eat little. Adequate intake of vitamins, especially the B vitamins, beneficial to regulate metabolism, when necessary you can take vitamin supplements.
4. Drink tea adequate amounts: The polyphenols in human fat metabolism plays an important role. You can detoxify, anti-inflammatory, softening blood vessels.
5. Protein is an essential nutrient, but if protein intake is high, it will increase the burden on the kidneys, increased kidney damage. If inadequate intake can affect the supply of nutrients the body. Therefore, patients should determine protein intake according to the state of renal function: When there is no significant renal dysfunction, control of protein intake in a day or 50g. If serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen etc obvious anomalies, protein intake should be reduced daily 20 ~ 40g.
6. Patients with renal disease in hypertensive limiting salt intake: should be reduced to below 6g per day, ie after removing the cushion regular beer, a bottle of salt is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt include cooking salt and other foods are converted into sodium salt of the total. Suitable for reducing sodium intake can help lower blood pressure, reduce sodium and water retention in the body.
Hypertensive patients with renal impairment, regardless of the degree of renal damage, must be strictly controlled. Blood pressure to prevent further damage to kidney function. When renal dysfunction, especially when the glomerular filtration rate at 20 mL / min under control of blood pressure can sometimes cause acute oliguric renal failure, but can not become evidence of anti-hypertensive therapy. Control of blood pressure can protect organs (heart and brain) functions of life, and even if the evil hardening of the renal arteries has entered the ESRD stage, strict control of blood pressure can also be recovering the renal function. Uremia reached in an effort to control high blood pressure should also be added to dialysis therapy, which can correct the uremia and water retention. Single treatment of dialysis difficult to control blood pressure and satisfaction should be added with antihypertensive drugs, practice has shown that minoxidil and propranolol combined effect is better.
Above mentioned are science diet of hypertensive nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2. Control of heat supply heat The correct amount should be based on disease for decision generally maintain ideal body weight as the standard. Because these patients tend to have disorders of lipid metabolism, so reducing fat intake not only helps control the heat, but also to improve metabolic disorders.
3. Low-salt, high-vitamin diet: Hypertensive patients with nephropathy should control salt intake, avoid salty foods, addition of preservatives in foods to eat little. Adequate intake of vitamins, especially the B vitamins, beneficial to regulate metabolism, when necessary you can take vitamin supplements.
4. Drink tea adequate amounts: The polyphenols in human fat metabolism plays an important role. You can detoxify, anti-inflammatory, softening blood vessels.
5. Protein is an essential nutrient, but if protein intake is high, it will increase the burden on the kidneys, increased kidney damage. If inadequate intake can affect the supply of nutrients the body. Therefore, patients should determine protein intake according to the state of renal function: When there is no significant renal dysfunction, control of protein intake in a day or 50g. If serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen etc obvious anomalies, protein intake should be reduced daily 20 ~ 40g.
6. Patients with renal disease in hypertensive limiting salt intake: should be reduced to below 6g per day, ie after removing the cushion regular beer, a bottle of salt is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt include cooking salt and other foods are converted into sodium salt of the total. Suitable for reducing sodium intake can help lower blood pressure, reduce sodium and water retention in the body.
Hypertensive patients with renal impairment, regardless of the degree of renal damage, must be strictly controlled. Blood pressure to prevent further damage to kidney function. When renal dysfunction, especially when the glomerular filtration rate at 20 mL / min under control of blood pressure can sometimes cause acute oliguric renal failure, but can not become evidence of anti-hypertensive therapy. Control of blood pressure can protect organs (heart and brain) functions of life, and even if the evil hardening of the renal arteries has entered the ESRD stage, strict control of blood pressure can also be recovering the renal function. Uremia reached in an effort to control high blood pressure should also be added to dialysis therapy, which can correct the uremia and water retention. Single treatment of dialysis difficult to control blood pressure and satisfaction should be added with antihypertensive drugs, practice has shown that minoxidil and propranolol combined effect is better.
Above mentioned are science diet of hypertensive nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2015年1月2日星期五
The manifestations of renal cysts
Renal cysts are a general term that appeared in the kidney size varies with the outside world without cystic mass, common renal cysts can be divided into ordinary adult polycystic kidney disease, simple renal cysts and acquired renal cysts.
Demonstrations
The vast majority of renal cysts are asymptomatic. Normal, even in the kidney area or hitting a palpable mass and physical examination. If the infection of the cyst, threatening abdominal tenderness. Some patients may be due to the cyst itself and increase in intraluminal pressure, etc infection following:
1. waist, stomach or abdominal pain
The reason is because kidney enlargement and expansion, the tension increases renal capsule, renal pedicle by traction or pressure caused by adjacent organs. In addition, polycystic renal causes high water content kidney, it becomes heavy, falling stretch, can also cause back pain. The pain is characterized by pain, dull, fixed on one side or both sides. Department of Radiology and lumbar down. If the intracapsular bleeding or secondary infection, and then make the pain suddenly intensified. If fusion stones or urinary tract bleeding, blood clots, it is possible that renal colic.
2. Hematuria
Can express are microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria. Cyclical episodes, when the onset low back pain often exacerbated strenuous exercise, trauma, infection may induce or aggravate. Bleeding wall reason is because there are many low pressure, due to the increased pressure or infection, so that the wall of blood vessels and bleeding due to excessive traction.
3. Abdominal mass
Sometimes, the main reason for the treatment of patients, 60% to 80% of patients with kidney enlargement palpable. In general, the higher the kidney, renal worse.
4. Proteinuria
They are generally small, no more than 2 g of urine within 24 hours.The nephrotic syndrome does not happen much.
5. Hypertension
Oppression solid renal cysts, causing renal ischemia causes increased renin secretion, causing high blood pressure. In normal renal function, over 50% of patients with hypertension, renal dysfunction when, greater incidence of hypertension.
6. Renal dysfunction
As cyst occupation, oppression, so the normal kidney tissue was reduced significantly, decreased renal function.
Above mentioned are the manifestations of renal cysts,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Demonstrations
The vast majority of renal cysts are asymptomatic. Normal, even in the kidney area or hitting a palpable mass and physical examination. If the infection of the cyst, threatening abdominal tenderness. Some patients may be due to the cyst itself and increase in intraluminal pressure, etc infection following:
1. waist, stomach or abdominal pain
The reason is because kidney enlargement and expansion, the tension increases renal capsule, renal pedicle by traction or pressure caused by adjacent organs. In addition, polycystic renal causes high water content kidney, it becomes heavy, falling stretch, can also cause back pain. The pain is characterized by pain, dull, fixed on one side or both sides. Department of Radiology and lumbar down. If the intracapsular bleeding or secondary infection, and then make the pain suddenly intensified. If fusion stones or urinary tract bleeding, blood clots, it is possible that renal colic.
2. Hematuria
Can express are microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria. Cyclical episodes, when the onset low back pain often exacerbated strenuous exercise, trauma, infection may induce or aggravate. Bleeding wall reason is because there are many low pressure, due to the increased pressure or infection, so that the wall of blood vessels and bleeding due to excessive traction.
3. Abdominal mass
Sometimes, the main reason for the treatment of patients, 60% to 80% of patients with kidney enlargement palpable. In general, the higher the kidney, renal worse.
4. Proteinuria
They are generally small, no more than 2 g of urine within 24 hours.The nephrotic syndrome does not happen much.
5. Hypertension
Oppression solid renal cysts, causing renal ischemia causes increased renin secretion, causing high blood pressure. In normal renal function, over 50% of patients with hypertension, renal dysfunction when, greater incidence of hypertension.
6. Renal dysfunction
As cyst occupation, oppression, so the normal kidney tissue was reduced significantly, decreased renal function.
Above mentioned are the manifestations of renal cysts,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Diet acute renal failure after surgery
Acute renal failure in patients after surgery in the diet should pay attention to local:
Coarse grains: weight gain or loss will cause immunosuppression increase or decrease the amount of hidden, protection and prevention of graft rejection in renal function are unfavorable. Patients should be based on the weight and the production of urine from the body, control of drinking water, food intake, in order to adjust the intake and output every day. Furthermore, to maintain the water balance in the body, because excess water can be avoided, what burden on the heart, causing heart failure. Very low humidity affect the perfusion of the transplanted kidney, which affects its function.
Grains: Recommended eat more whole grains (corn, sorghum, buckwheat, potatoes, etc.) by a fiber side contains a lot of vitamin B, on the other hand contains a lot of whole grains in dietary fiber, can promote motility gastrointestinal.
Vegetables: Eat more fresh vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, fiber and minerals. For example: carrot: rich in carotene, cabbage: contains a variety of vitamins and minerals; Eggplant: sugar and vitamins, no heat, relaxing effect; Broccoli: Rich in vitamins and iron, calcium, to prevent anemia, cancer; Tomatoes: rich in vitamins and iron, calcium, magnesium and other minerals can prevent cancer and heart disease. He recommended that people eat more than 200 g of green vegetables each day.
Meat: In general, "eat poultry meat eating, and eating better eating meat from poultry." Besides fish contain high quality protein, it also contains linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids, and both the EPA, DHA, after lowering cholesterol, preventing platelet aggregation, reduce the viscosity of blood, prevention and treatment of heart disease. It is not good to eat fish do not eat meat or fish always eat.
Long to digest meat, it is recommended to eat at lunch, should not exceed the amount of 200 g of meat, add a small amount of milk and eggs for breakfast or dinner, you can meet the physical Day animal protein needs.
"Stone Soup" for long-term use in patients after renal transplantation nutrition Glucocorticoids also share both protein supplement high quality, and you can add calcium to prevent osteoporosis.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Coarse grains: weight gain or loss will cause immunosuppression increase or decrease the amount of hidden, protection and prevention of graft rejection in renal function are unfavorable. Patients should be based on the weight and the production of urine from the body, control of drinking water, food intake, in order to adjust the intake and output every day. Furthermore, to maintain the water balance in the body, because excess water can be avoided, what burden on the heart, causing heart failure. Very low humidity affect the perfusion of the transplanted kidney, which affects its function.
Grains: Recommended eat more whole grains (corn, sorghum, buckwheat, potatoes, etc.) by a fiber side contains a lot of vitamin B, on the other hand contains a lot of whole grains in dietary fiber, can promote motility gastrointestinal.
Vegetables: Eat more fresh vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, fiber and minerals. For example: carrot: rich in carotene, cabbage: contains a variety of vitamins and minerals; Eggplant: sugar and vitamins, no heat, relaxing effect; Broccoli: Rich in vitamins and iron, calcium, to prevent anemia, cancer; Tomatoes: rich in vitamins and iron, calcium, magnesium and other minerals can prevent cancer and heart disease. He recommended that people eat more than 200 g of green vegetables each day.
Meat: In general, "eat poultry meat eating, and eating better eating meat from poultry." Besides fish contain high quality protein, it also contains linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids, and both the EPA, DHA, after lowering cholesterol, preventing platelet aggregation, reduce the viscosity of blood, prevention and treatment of heart disease. It is not good to eat fish do not eat meat or fish always eat.
Long to digest meat, it is recommended to eat at lunch, should not exceed the amount of 200 g of meat, add a small amount of milk and eggs for breakfast or dinner, you can meet the physical Day animal protein needs.
"Stone Soup" for long-term use in patients after renal transplantation nutrition Glucocorticoids also share both protein supplement high quality, and you can add calcium to prevent osteoporosis.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
The diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) by a variety of causes, in order to increase the permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, showed massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, a clinical syndrome of hyperlipidemia.
Diagnosis
1. nephrotic syndrome (NS) diagnostic criteria are:
(1) greater than 3.5g / d proteinuria.
(2) serum albumin less than 30 g / L.
(3) Edema.
(4) Hyperlipidemia.
2 DK diagnosis should include three aspects.
(1) Diagnosed NS.
(2) Confirm the cause: First rule out secondary and inherited diseases can be diagnosed with primary NS, better renal biopsy for pathological diagnosis.
(3) Judgment uncomplicated.
Differential Diagnosis
1. Purple allergic nephritis
Especially in young, with typical purple skin, often in symmetrical distal extremities, 1 to 4 weeks hematuria and (o) proteinuria after more than a rash.
2. Systemic lupus nephritis
Most often in middle-aged women and youth. Immunological examination showed a variety of autoantibodies and multiple system damage, can confirm the diagnosis.
3. Hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis
It is more common in children and adolescents, the main clinical manifestations of proteinuria or NS, common pathologic type of membranous nephropathy. The diagnosis is based on ① HBV antigen positive serum. ② The suffering of glomerulonephritis, and excludes secondary glomerulonephritis. ③ biopsy slice HBV antigens found.
4. Diabetic nephropathy
Occur in the elderly, is common in patients with diabetes duration of more than 10 years. Early can be found in urinary albumin excretion increased, then gradually became a massive proteinuria, NS. History of diabetes and fund changes characteristic eye contribute to the differential diagnosis.
5. Renal amyloidosis
Occur in the elderly, renal amyloidosis is a part of the involvement of multiple organs. Primary amyloidosis primarily involving the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract (including language), skin and nerves; secondary amyloidosis often secondary to chronic suppurative infections, tuberculosis, cancer and other diseases, which mainly involves the kidneys, liver and spleen and other organs. Volume increases renal involvement, often NS. Renal amyloidosis often require biopsy confirmed.
6. Myeloma nephropathy
It occurs most commonly in men middle-aged patients may have clinical features of multiple myeloma, such as bone pain, elevated serum monoclonal immunoglobulin protein electrophoresis and urine with the M protein positive this week, shows plasma cells bone marrow dysplasia (occupy more than 15% of the nucleated cells), and accompanied by a qualitative change. Multiple myeloma can occur when the glomerular involvement of NS. Demonstrations myeloma above features for the differential diagnosis.
Above mentioned are the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Diagnosis
1. nephrotic syndrome (NS) diagnostic criteria are:
(1) greater than 3.5g / d proteinuria.
(2) serum albumin less than 30 g / L.
(3) Edema.
(4) Hyperlipidemia.
2 DK diagnosis should include three aspects.
(1) Diagnosed NS.
(2) Confirm the cause: First rule out secondary and inherited diseases can be diagnosed with primary NS, better renal biopsy for pathological diagnosis.
(3) Judgment uncomplicated.
Differential Diagnosis
1. Purple allergic nephritis
Especially in young, with typical purple skin, often in symmetrical distal extremities, 1 to 4 weeks hematuria and (o) proteinuria after more than a rash.
2. Systemic lupus nephritis
Most often in middle-aged women and youth. Immunological examination showed a variety of autoantibodies and multiple system damage, can confirm the diagnosis.
3. Hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis
It is more common in children and adolescents, the main clinical manifestations of proteinuria or NS, common pathologic type of membranous nephropathy. The diagnosis is based on ① HBV antigen positive serum. ② The suffering of glomerulonephritis, and excludes secondary glomerulonephritis. ③ biopsy slice HBV antigens found.
4. Diabetic nephropathy
Occur in the elderly, is common in patients with diabetes duration of more than 10 years. Early can be found in urinary albumin excretion increased, then gradually became a massive proteinuria, NS. History of diabetes and fund changes characteristic eye contribute to the differential diagnosis.
5. Renal amyloidosis
Occur in the elderly, renal amyloidosis is a part of the involvement of multiple organs. Primary amyloidosis primarily involving the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract (including language), skin and nerves; secondary amyloidosis often secondary to chronic suppurative infections, tuberculosis, cancer and other diseases, which mainly involves the kidneys, liver and spleen and other organs. Volume increases renal involvement, often NS. Renal amyloidosis often require biopsy confirmed.
6. Myeloma nephropathy
It occurs most commonly in men middle-aged patients may have clinical features of multiple myeloma, such as bone pain, elevated serum monoclonal immunoglobulin protein electrophoresis and urine with the M protein positive this week, shows plasma cells bone marrow dysplasia (occupy more than 15% of the nucleated cells), and accompanied by a qualitative change. Multiple myeloma can occur when the glomerular involvement of NS. Demonstrations myeloma above features for the differential diagnosis.
Above mentioned are the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Long-term complications of renal dialysis
Technology makes hemodialysis patient survival significantly prolonged with chronic renal failure, however, is not entirely hemodialysis renal replacement therapy, can not completely eliminate toxins body disease urea, can not completely eliminate uremia caused by metabolic disorders, can not replace the endocrine function of the kidney. With prolonged dialysis, toxins accumulate, metabolic disorders and endocrine disorders caused by problems gradually worsened, can cause a number of complications, which seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients.
1. Hypertension: Mainly due to sodium retention, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, increased excitability of the sympathetic nervous system and other causes.
First, the treatment should be limited intake of water and sodium, keep dry weight, 75% of patients can control blood pressure. Invalid can increase with antihypertensive drugs, the class of ACEIs channel blockers and calcium are first choice. 3% to 5% of patients are refractory hypertension, peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration may be effective.
2. The left ventricular dysfunction: the etiology addition of hypertension, sodium retention, but also with anemia, acidosis, fistula, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition etc. Dehydration adequate dialysis, keeping the dry weight is the main treatment, the other must correct the anemia, blood pressure control and nutritional therapy.
3. Coronary Artery Disease: More by the original based on ultrafiltration excessive causing coronary atherosclerosis coronary ischemia caused. Controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, correct anemia, weight maintenance among dialysis, prevent excessive dehydration etc., can effectively prevent its occurrence. The same treatment and patients not on dialysis. Angina occurred in dialysis treatment of kidney disease should slow blood flow ultrafiltration stop and breathe oxygen and sublingual nitroglycerin, you should be expanded low blood pressure. Patients ineffective treatment should cease hemodialysis treatment again. Done repeatedly can make peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration.
4. Pericarditis: After two weeks start dialysis pericarditis occur, early pericarditis is called, after two weeks, late pericarditis is called, pathogenesis were unclear. Patients with early symptoms of pericarditis most have chest tightness, chest pain and pericardial rub, strengthens dialysis to treat effectively. Pericarditis most asymptomatic late, only in recurrent dialysis hypotension occur, in part to strengthen effective dialysis, peritoneal dialysis some needed.
5. Pulmonary edema: More due to overload caused by water, other causes of congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia and pulmonary capillary permeability etc. Adequate water ultrafiltration can rapidly improve symptoms. Restricted water intake, adequate dialysis and hypoproteinemia can be prevented effectively.
6. The pleural effusion: Exudative base. More in heart failure, sodium retention, renal syndrome, infection and other causes, in part explained uremic idiopathic pleural effusion. Treatment should be enhanced dialysis and ultrafiltration, hypoproteinemia, improve the general condition, if necessary, keep a breast pump fluid therapy.
7. Gastrointestinal diseases: including esophagitis, gastritis, ulcers, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal bleeding. More urinary retention urinary toxins cause damage to the autonomic nervous disorders gastrointestinal motility, gastrin metabolic abnormalities lead to increased gastric acid secretion, anemia, malnutrition weaken mucosal protecting factors and other causes. Most effective treatment to strengthen dialysis, can also used drugs promote gastrointestinal motility, excluding protective agents gastrointestinal mucosa magnesium antacid agents. Gastrointestinal bleeding should pay attention to the choice of methods of anticoagulation.
8. The intestinal ischemia, intestinal infarction: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart failure, diabetes and other common diseases in hemodialysis patients and metoprolol, etc vasodilators, commonly used drugs may reduce the intestinal blood flow, once excessive ultrafiltration, and intestinal bowel can induce myocardial ischemia. It manifests as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, shock. Early quick to add volume can relieve intestinal ischemia, such as intestinal infarction without suspicion effect, once the diagnosis to be treated surgically.
9. Liver disease: Since hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and repeated blood transfusions, increasing infection with hepatitis B and C, can cause deposition of iron in dirty, causing cirrhosis, silicone and silicone dialysis tube also can be deposited in cuasa liver damage. When Hemodialysis patients liver damage, rare jaundice, gastrointestinal symptoms were masked by uremia and early detection difficult. Treatment focuses on prevention, as the use of erythropoietin to reduce blood transfusions, avoid using aluminum agents etc.
10. Ascites dialysis-related: Most occurred in patients who had undergone dialysis, the reasons include sodium retention, peritoneal permeability increase, infection, hypoalbuminemia, heart failure, pericardial disease, cirrhosis etc. Should be excluded before treatment tuberculosis, liver cancer and ascites. Treatment includes limiting intake of sodium and water, adequate dialysis ultrafiltration, ascites reinfusion and download abdominal fluid, local glucocorticoid therapy department etc. Kidney transplantation is the fundamental solution of the method of refractory ascites.
11. Anemia: renal hormone erythropoietin (EPO) produces insufficient is the main reason. Other factors include: blood shortage of raw materials, the loss of blood dialysis, increased destruction of red blood cells, bone marrow fibrosis and aluminum intoxication. EPO is the primary means of dealing renal anemia, general subcutaneous 3000u of 2-3 times / week, HCT reach 30-33% of the dose can be reduced and maintained at this value HCT, other treatments, including strengthening dialysis, raw materials of supplemental blood dialysis reduce blood loss, severe anemia can be a small amount of blood transfusion.
12. The secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy: Generally regarded hemodialysis patients as calcium and phosphorus metabolism, deficiency of active vitamin D3 and acidosis can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism (2-HPT), and 2-HPT is increased osteoclast , decreased synthesis of collagen fibers in bone, bone mineralization disorders etc, cause renal osteodystrophy. The clinical manifestations are bone pain, fractures, bone deformation, joint swelling and deformation, muscle strength, muscle tone decreases, metastatic calcification and tendon rupture etc. Further diagnosis based on clinical symptoms, serum calcium, phosphorus, I-PTH concentration and X ray bone etc. Bone biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. The primary treatment is active vitamin D3 supplement, the other can also hemoperfusion and parathyroid surgery etc.
13. Urogenital: Urinary stones in hemodialysis patients, infections, cancer and impotence, loss of libido and other incidence rate was significantly higher. Kidney cysts also acquired common, which is caused by the same kidney disease has nothing to do with dialysis, can be complicated by bleeding, infection and malignancy. Treatment is symptomatic, severe nephrectomy.
14. Nervous System: Mainly aluminum intoxication, uremic toxins, retention of parathyroid hormone, vitamin, micronutrient deficiencies, water and electrolyte disturbance caused by other factors. Central lesions showed inattention, short films, paranoia, mental impairment, severe cases there is a language and movement disorders, and even seizures, dementia. Peripheral neuropathy showed the depth of feeling important obstacles small number of patients with dyskinesia advanced flaccid even paralysis. Autonomic neuropathy manifests as hypotension, sexual dysfunction, disorders of sweat secretion, gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment includes avoiding contact with the aluminum to improve dialysis, improve nutritional status, to correct anemia, hemofiltration or peritoneal dialysis diverted if necessary. Kidney transplantation is the most effective method.
15. Skin: Mainly for color changes of the skin, dryness, hair, nail changes itching and oral lesions. Some of strengthening effective dialysis, most only symptomatic treatment, no special treatment.
Above mentioned are the long-term complications of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Hypertension: Mainly due to sodium retention, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, increased excitability of the sympathetic nervous system and other causes.
First, the treatment should be limited intake of water and sodium, keep dry weight, 75% of patients can control blood pressure. Invalid can increase with antihypertensive drugs, the class of ACEIs channel blockers and calcium are first choice. 3% to 5% of patients are refractory hypertension, peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration may be effective.
2. The left ventricular dysfunction: the etiology addition of hypertension, sodium retention, but also with anemia, acidosis, fistula, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition etc. Dehydration adequate dialysis, keeping the dry weight is the main treatment, the other must correct the anemia, blood pressure control and nutritional therapy.
3. Coronary Artery Disease: More by the original based on ultrafiltration excessive causing coronary atherosclerosis coronary ischemia caused. Controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, correct anemia, weight maintenance among dialysis, prevent excessive dehydration etc., can effectively prevent its occurrence. The same treatment and patients not on dialysis. Angina occurred in dialysis treatment of kidney disease should slow blood flow ultrafiltration stop and breathe oxygen and sublingual nitroglycerin, you should be expanded low blood pressure. Patients ineffective treatment should cease hemodialysis treatment again. Done repeatedly can make peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration.
4. Pericarditis: After two weeks start dialysis pericarditis occur, early pericarditis is called, after two weeks, late pericarditis is called, pathogenesis were unclear. Patients with early symptoms of pericarditis most have chest tightness, chest pain and pericardial rub, strengthens dialysis to treat effectively. Pericarditis most asymptomatic late, only in recurrent dialysis hypotension occur, in part to strengthen effective dialysis, peritoneal dialysis some needed.
5. Pulmonary edema: More due to overload caused by water, other causes of congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia and pulmonary capillary permeability etc. Adequate water ultrafiltration can rapidly improve symptoms. Restricted water intake, adequate dialysis and hypoproteinemia can be prevented effectively.
6. The pleural effusion: Exudative base. More in heart failure, sodium retention, renal syndrome, infection and other causes, in part explained uremic idiopathic pleural effusion. Treatment should be enhanced dialysis and ultrafiltration, hypoproteinemia, improve the general condition, if necessary, keep a breast pump fluid therapy.
7. Gastrointestinal diseases: including esophagitis, gastritis, ulcers, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal bleeding. More urinary retention urinary toxins cause damage to the autonomic nervous disorders gastrointestinal motility, gastrin metabolic abnormalities lead to increased gastric acid secretion, anemia, malnutrition weaken mucosal protecting factors and other causes. Most effective treatment to strengthen dialysis, can also used drugs promote gastrointestinal motility, excluding protective agents gastrointestinal mucosa magnesium antacid agents. Gastrointestinal bleeding should pay attention to the choice of methods of anticoagulation.
8. The intestinal ischemia, intestinal infarction: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart failure, diabetes and other common diseases in hemodialysis patients and metoprolol, etc vasodilators, commonly used drugs may reduce the intestinal blood flow, once excessive ultrafiltration, and intestinal bowel can induce myocardial ischemia. It manifests as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, shock. Early quick to add volume can relieve intestinal ischemia, such as intestinal infarction without suspicion effect, once the diagnosis to be treated surgically.
9. Liver disease: Since hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and repeated blood transfusions, increasing infection with hepatitis B and C, can cause deposition of iron in dirty, causing cirrhosis, silicone and silicone dialysis tube also can be deposited in cuasa liver damage. When Hemodialysis patients liver damage, rare jaundice, gastrointestinal symptoms were masked by uremia and early detection difficult. Treatment focuses on prevention, as the use of erythropoietin to reduce blood transfusions, avoid using aluminum agents etc.
10. Ascites dialysis-related: Most occurred in patients who had undergone dialysis, the reasons include sodium retention, peritoneal permeability increase, infection, hypoalbuminemia, heart failure, pericardial disease, cirrhosis etc. Should be excluded before treatment tuberculosis, liver cancer and ascites. Treatment includes limiting intake of sodium and water, adequate dialysis ultrafiltration, ascites reinfusion and download abdominal fluid, local glucocorticoid therapy department etc. Kidney transplantation is the fundamental solution of the method of refractory ascites.
11. Anemia: renal hormone erythropoietin (EPO) produces insufficient is the main reason. Other factors include: blood shortage of raw materials, the loss of blood dialysis, increased destruction of red blood cells, bone marrow fibrosis and aluminum intoxication. EPO is the primary means of dealing renal anemia, general subcutaneous 3000u of 2-3 times / week, HCT reach 30-33% of the dose can be reduced and maintained at this value HCT, other treatments, including strengthening dialysis, raw materials of supplemental blood dialysis reduce blood loss, severe anemia can be a small amount of blood transfusion.
12. The secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy: Generally regarded hemodialysis patients as calcium and phosphorus metabolism, deficiency of active vitamin D3 and acidosis can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism (2-HPT), and 2-HPT is increased osteoclast , decreased synthesis of collagen fibers in bone, bone mineralization disorders etc, cause renal osteodystrophy. The clinical manifestations are bone pain, fractures, bone deformation, joint swelling and deformation, muscle strength, muscle tone decreases, metastatic calcification and tendon rupture etc. Further diagnosis based on clinical symptoms, serum calcium, phosphorus, I-PTH concentration and X ray bone etc. Bone biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. The primary treatment is active vitamin D3 supplement, the other can also hemoperfusion and parathyroid surgery etc.
13. Urogenital: Urinary stones in hemodialysis patients, infections, cancer and impotence, loss of libido and other incidence rate was significantly higher. Kidney cysts also acquired common, which is caused by the same kidney disease has nothing to do with dialysis, can be complicated by bleeding, infection and malignancy. Treatment is symptomatic, severe nephrectomy.
14. Nervous System: Mainly aluminum intoxication, uremic toxins, retention of parathyroid hormone, vitamin, micronutrient deficiencies, water and electrolyte disturbance caused by other factors. Central lesions showed inattention, short films, paranoia, mental impairment, severe cases there is a language and movement disorders, and even seizures, dementia. Peripheral neuropathy showed the depth of feeling important obstacles small number of patients with dyskinesia advanced flaccid even paralysis. Autonomic neuropathy manifests as hypotension, sexual dysfunction, disorders of sweat secretion, gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment includes avoiding contact with the aluminum to improve dialysis, improve nutritional status, to correct anemia, hemofiltration or peritoneal dialysis diverted if necessary. Kidney transplantation is the most effective method.
15. Skin: Mainly for color changes of the skin, dryness, hair, nail changes itching and oral lesions. Some of strengthening effective dialysis, most only symptomatic treatment, no special treatment.
Above mentioned are the long-term complications of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Recent complications of renal dialysis
Each process dialysis or hemodialysis end after a few hours, the complications associated to the dialysis itself.
(1) imbalance Syndrome: Common in high levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, patients with uremia obvious symptoms, especially prevalent in initial induction of dialysis and dialysis period. The main reason is primarily through urea after some of the substances in the blood and brain tissue between the unequal distribution, the pH balance uneven cause brain edema and cerebral hypoxia, showing through in and through the pain headache, fatigue, malaise, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, severe cases may have psychosis, epileptic seizures, coma and even death.
(2) Hypotension:
The most common complication of hemodialysis. Causes include effective hypovolemia, ultrafiltration too much too fast, autonomic neuropathy, vasoconstriction decreases levels of atrial natriuretic peptides are too high and the impact of antihypertensive drugs. It is manifested as dizziness, sweating, amaurosis, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pale muscle and even loss of consciousness. The treatment is quick to add volume, while slowing of blood flow, reduction or suspension of ultrafiltration. Preventive measures include pre-dialyzer, blood flow gradually from small to large, using sequential dialysis or dialysis of high sodium, and asked the patient to control weight gain between dialysis to reduce the amount of ultrafiltration.
(3) Hypoxemia: More common in acetate dialysis, its causes and acetate metabolism in the body and lower blood CO2 and HCO3- concentration. Dialysis membrane biocompatibility differences may lead to aggregation of leukocytes affects pulmonary capillary ventilatory function, but also produces a major cause of hypoxemia. But no obvious clinical manifestations, patients original heart and lung disease or the elderly may be symptoms of hypoxia, or even induced angina and myocardial infarction. Treatment nasal cannula can. Preventive measures include: Use dialysis with bicarbonate dialysate with good biocompatibility.
(4) Hemolysis: More dialysate by disorders and malfunction of the dialysis machine caused if permeability low dialysate highest temperature, chlorine and chloramines or nitrate content is too high, the other also is common in the profiled transfusion, etc. residual disinfectant Acute hemolysis in patients with pain of venous blood back, chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath, irritability, may be associated with severe to spasm of the waist and abdomen, severe chills, chills, hypotension, arrhythmia, hemoglobinuria and even coma. Hypotonic dialysate caused by water intoxication can occur simultaneously or cerebral edema. Performance of small and slow for hemolytic anemia will only increase.
(5) Air embolism: As a dialysis machine measures are in perfect control, air embolism occurs rarely, and much more for malfunction or damage pipe.
Once air is over 5 ml may cause symptoms of obvious embolism, the leading cause of stroke when sitting, Supine major cause of acute pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, coronary thrombosis may occur or stroke, physical examination, listening to the sounds of stirring the heart.
(6) Cerebral hemorrhage: Hemodialysis patients with major causes of death. Mainly caused by high blood pressure and anticoagulants patients not on dialysis with similar clinical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhage, treatment is the same.
(7) subdural hematoma: The most common reasons are: Head trauma, anticoagulation, excessive ultrafiltration, high blood pressure etc. The most durable clinical syndrome similar imbalance, but. CT of the head can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is conservative medical treatment, patients in 7-10 days should continue dialysis must dialysis without heparin or peritoneal dialysis.
Above mentioned are recent complications of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
(1) imbalance Syndrome: Common in high levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, patients with uremia obvious symptoms, especially prevalent in initial induction of dialysis and dialysis period. The main reason is primarily through urea after some of the substances in the blood and brain tissue between the unequal distribution, the pH balance uneven cause brain edema and cerebral hypoxia, showing through in and through the pain headache, fatigue, malaise, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, severe cases may have psychosis, epileptic seizures, coma and even death.
(2) Hypotension:
The most common complication of hemodialysis. Causes include effective hypovolemia, ultrafiltration too much too fast, autonomic neuropathy, vasoconstriction decreases levels of atrial natriuretic peptides are too high and the impact of antihypertensive drugs. It is manifested as dizziness, sweating, amaurosis, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pale muscle and even loss of consciousness. The treatment is quick to add volume, while slowing of blood flow, reduction or suspension of ultrafiltration. Preventive measures include pre-dialyzer, blood flow gradually from small to large, using sequential dialysis or dialysis of high sodium, and asked the patient to control weight gain between dialysis to reduce the amount of ultrafiltration.
(3) Hypoxemia: More common in acetate dialysis, its causes and acetate metabolism in the body and lower blood CO2 and HCO3- concentration. Dialysis membrane biocompatibility differences may lead to aggregation of leukocytes affects pulmonary capillary ventilatory function, but also produces a major cause of hypoxemia. But no obvious clinical manifestations, patients original heart and lung disease or the elderly may be symptoms of hypoxia, or even induced angina and myocardial infarction. Treatment nasal cannula can. Preventive measures include: Use dialysis with bicarbonate dialysate with good biocompatibility.
(4) Hemolysis: More dialysate by disorders and malfunction of the dialysis machine caused if permeability low dialysate highest temperature, chlorine and chloramines or nitrate content is too high, the other also is common in the profiled transfusion, etc. residual disinfectant Acute hemolysis in patients with pain of venous blood back, chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath, irritability, may be associated with severe to spasm of the waist and abdomen, severe chills, chills, hypotension, arrhythmia, hemoglobinuria and even coma. Hypotonic dialysate caused by water intoxication can occur simultaneously or cerebral edema. Performance of small and slow for hemolytic anemia will only increase.
(5) Air embolism: As a dialysis machine measures are in perfect control, air embolism occurs rarely, and much more for malfunction or damage pipe.
Once air is over 5 ml may cause symptoms of obvious embolism, the leading cause of stroke when sitting, Supine major cause of acute pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, coronary thrombosis may occur or stroke, physical examination, listening to the sounds of stirring the heart.
(6) Cerebral hemorrhage: Hemodialysis patients with major causes of death. Mainly caused by high blood pressure and anticoagulants patients not on dialysis with similar clinical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhage, treatment is the same.
(7) subdural hematoma: The most common reasons are: Head trauma, anticoagulation, excessive ultrafiltration, high blood pressure etc. The most durable clinical syndrome similar imbalance, but. CT of the head can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is conservative medical treatment, patients in 7-10 days should continue dialysis must dialysis without heparin or peritoneal dialysis.
Above mentioned are recent complications of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
订阅：
博文 (Atom)
Online Doctor
