The kidney is a great memory, a kidney is contained more than one million
glomeruli. But not both simultaneously glomerular work, some at work, some
others are rested. After kidney injuries occur can lead to chronic renal
failure? How pie chronic renal failure? The experts noted that there are two
main methods, the following details.
1. Western medicine treatment of chronic renal failure
For mechanisms of chronic renal failure, western medicine thinks that kidney
failure to a large number of renal units were destroyed, the remaining nephrons
excessive work, should so does the speed of damage to turn renal unit, sclerosis
and fibrosis accelerate, creating a vicious circle. Currently Western medicine
treatment of chronic renal failure in addition to dialysis, kidney transplant no
other better treatment
options.
According to the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure,
insisting on the cause of treatment: Aggressive treatment of hypertension,
diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and avoid snuff temperance, strict
control of salt, avoid eating animal waste, seafood. Block or inhibit the
development of progressive renal units damaging ways to protect the health of
the nephron.
2. TCM Treatment of chronic renal failure
TCM our deep country, Chinese herb outdoor use, internal diseases treated
outside Nel field of treating kidney disease in the country's first! Diagnosis
of Chinese medicine and treatment for the most appropriate treatment for general
treatment chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is the end stage renal
disease, spleen and kidney failure are the most common, spleen deficiency may be
fatigue, spleen lost health movement, lack of source of qi and blood, kidney
weakness may be lumbago, this pain low back pain with mainly fatigue and
increases after after after rests improved. The use of Chinese medicine can cure
renal therapy can dramatically improve the symptoms and treatment of spleen
deficiency.
Above is treating kidney failure? If you are interested in our items, still
pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include
rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information?
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below!
2014年12月24日星期三
Treatment of renal failure
We all know kidney disease needs new blood to supply the body of a variety of
trace elements and oxygen needed, our hospital blood sedimentation theory that
aims to treat.
Hospital treatment of kidney disease is characterized by traditional medicine china Consiste to use the methods of traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood system, clean through the blood for the treatment of renal disease. The treatment of blood stains is also known. Our therapy is unique because only our hospital is done by clearing the blood of strange for the treatment of kidney disease body. Western medicine treatment changed the idea of no longer follows the like for dealing with the treatment of various types of inflammation medicines, but through the blood rule for achieving phase of inflammation, in addition to the lesion, to achieve kidney disease purpose of healing. Inflammatory lesions where no specific drug treatment, continuing to switch to clean the blood approach to treatment.
According to the medical theory, regardless of any position of the inflammatory lesions of the body, due to human blood caused by inflammatory cytokines. You can say, blood, body inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions mutually influence life.For conditions aside, inflammatory factors in the blood to inflammatory lesions around a big meeting, which brought the body to aggravate more lesions, inflammatory lesions and increasingly aggravated by the release of inflammatory cytokines more turn promote blood inflammatory cytokines further increased. While the increase in inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions continues to expand, is also the cause of kidney disease has increased. Therefore, this contradiction is not resolved, kidney disease can not be cured. Therefore, in the present circumstances, should be the way to resolve this contradiction is? Our idea treatment is finding ways to reduce both dependencies between them to promote the removal of conditions. Our focus is the treatment of choice of the best efforts to eliminate inflammatory factors in the blood. We believe that the time we have the means to inflammatory cytokines in the patient's blood removed, then gathered in inflammatory lesions around the inflammatory cytokines will become less.
In this case, we talk about the use of some medications restoration inflammatory lesions, the patient's body is the treatment of inflammatory lesions day is reduced. So, gradually formed a less inflammatory cytokines, a good situation smaller inflammatory lesions. With the gradual consolidation of this situation, renal disease slowly restored. These inflammatory cytokines in cleaning, repairing injuries antiinflammatory treatment, form our unique ideas and methods of treatment.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Hospital treatment of kidney disease is characterized by traditional medicine china Consiste to use the methods of traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood system, clean through the blood for the treatment of renal disease. The treatment of blood stains is also known. Our therapy is unique because only our hospital is done by clearing the blood of strange for the treatment of kidney disease body. Western medicine treatment changed the idea of no longer follows the like for dealing with the treatment of various types of inflammation medicines, but through the blood rule for achieving phase of inflammation, in addition to the lesion, to achieve kidney disease purpose of healing. Inflammatory lesions where no specific drug treatment, continuing to switch to clean the blood approach to treatment.
According to the medical theory, regardless of any position of the inflammatory lesions of the body, due to human blood caused by inflammatory cytokines. You can say, blood, body inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions mutually influence life.For conditions aside, inflammatory factors in the blood to inflammatory lesions around a big meeting, which brought the body to aggravate more lesions, inflammatory lesions and increasingly aggravated by the release of inflammatory cytokines more turn promote blood inflammatory cytokines further increased. While the increase in inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions continues to expand, is also the cause of kidney disease has increased. Therefore, this contradiction is not resolved, kidney disease can not be cured. Therefore, in the present circumstances, should be the way to resolve this contradiction is? Our idea treatment is finding ways to reduce both dependencies between them to promote the removal of conditions. Our focus is the treatment of choice of the best efforts to eliminate inflammatory factors in the blood. We believe that the time we have the means to inflammatory cytokines in the patient's blood removed, then gathered in inflammatory lesions around the inflammatory cytokines will become less.
In this case, we talk about the use of some medications restoration inflammatory lesions, the patient's body is the treatment of inflammatory lesions day is reduced. So, gradually formed a less inflammatory cytokines, a good situation smaller inflammatory lesions. With the gradual consolidation of this situation, renal disease slowly restored. These inflammatory cytokines in cleaning, repairing injuries antiinflammatory treatment, form our unique ideas and methods of treatment.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
The cause of renal failure
1. Acute renal failure
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply to the kidneys (eg or scratches or burns, renal obstruction due to some factors that cause dysfunction or damage venom causes acute renal failure.
2. Chronic renal failure
As renal disease in the long term, with time and the disease progresses, progressive decline in renal function, leading to kidney failure.
? What are the causes of kidney failure?
1. Metabolic disorders caused by damage to the kidneys, such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis etc.
2. vascular, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis nephropathy ect.
3. Chronic glomerulonephritis, such IGA nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis ect.
4. Systemic diseases of the body, such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma ect.
Studies show that in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients, representing the first is diabetic nephropathy, which is about 27.7%, the second is the hypertensive renal damage, accounting for 22.7 %, chronic glomerulonephritis accounted for the first three, approximately 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24.5%. And there are about 6% and 9% of patients with chronic renal failure is difficult to determine the cause.
Above is the cause of renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply to the kidneys (eg or scratches or burns, renal obstruction due to some factors that cause dysfunction or damage venom causes acute renal failure.
2. Chronic renal failure
As renal disease in the long term, with time and the disease progresses, progressive decline in renal function, leading to kidney failure.
? What are the causes of kidney failure?
1. Metabolic disorders caused by damage to the kidneys, such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis etc.
2. vascular, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis nephropathy ect.
3. Chronic glomerulonephritis, such IGA nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis ect.
4. Systemic diseases of the body, such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma ect.
Studies show that in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients, representing the first is diabetic nephropathy, which is about 27.7%, the second is the hypertensive renal damage, accounting for 22.7 %, chronic glomerulonephritis accounted for the first three, approximately 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24.5%. And there are about 6% and 9% of patients with chronic renal failure is difficult to determine the cause.
Above is the cause of renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月23日星期二
The food of all types of patient nephropathy
Nephropathy there are many types, but different type should be considered in the food is also different then? What rating at food differently nephropathy? Then understand.
1.La food of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Trace elements added: nephrotic syndrome patients due to increased permeability of the GBM in addition to losing a large amount of protein in the urine, but also lost both the binding protein and certain trace elements hormones cause for body calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements deficiency, should be given appropriate complementary. General can eat rich in vitamins and trace elements including vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood, etc.
Food 2.La patients with uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid nephropathy have to drink more water, ensuring adequate urine output (daily, up to 2000ml) controlled purine intake, take a purine food Eclipse hill, bajo100g eat meat every day; Should be fasting lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other plant and animal foods.
Food 3.La patients with renal insufficiency
Patients not undergoing dialysis: common in chronic nephritis with mild - moderate renal insufficiency. Quality low-protein diet (0.4 ~ 0.8g / kg / d), try to control the intake of protein. More food starch to increase the heat. Dialysis patients: Ensure adequate nutrition and compensate for the loss of dialysis, to ensure that a positive nitrogen balance; Daily high quality protein-based protein (1.0-1.2g / kg / d).
Estes are the foods of all types of patient nephropathy. If you do not understand, please comment below, email or live chat. The mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
1.La food of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Trace elements added: nephrotic syndrome patients due to increased permeability of the GBM in addition to losing a large amount of protein in the urine, but also lost both the binding protein and certain trace elements hormones cause for body calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements deficiency, should be given appropriate complementary. General can eat rich in vitamins and trace elements including vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood, etc.
Food 2.La patients with uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid nephropathy have to drink more water, ensuring adequate urine output (daily, up to 2000ml) controlled purine intake, take a purine food Eclipse hill, bajo100g eat meat every day; Should be fasting lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other plant and animal foods.
Food 3.La patients with renal insufficiency
Patients not undergoing dialysis: common in chronic nephritis with mild - moderate renal insufficiency. Quality low-protein diet (0.4 ~ 0.8g / kg / d), try to control the intake of protein. More food starch to increase the heat. Dialysis patients: Ensure adequate nutrition and compensate for the loss of dialysis, to ensure that a positive nitrogen balance; Daily high quality protein-based protein (1.0-1.2g / kg / d).
Estes are the foods of all types of patient nephropathy. If you do not understand, please comment below, email or live chat. The mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis
Treatment included remission induction and maintenance therapy.
1. Aspires Remission induction is fast disease control, disease strive complete remission (including functional recovery of serological markers, symptoms and organ damage).
2. Maintenance therapy with low dose immunosuppressive agents to control the disease, prevention of disease recurrence and small drug side effects.
(1) Glucocorticoids: It's main drug treatment can significantly improve clinical and prognosis of patients, but the specific product should be based on whether there SLE disease activity and treatment type and follow the principle of individual classification.
① Prednisone: Adults are 0.8 ~ l mg / (kg / d), a total of 8 ~ 12 weeks after stable condition, enters phase reduction treatment to the maintenance dose (every other day 0.4mg / kg), full course of treatment of 1-2 years or more.
② The methylprednisolone pulse therapy: activities for SLE and LN pathological changes in severe cases, such type Ⅳ ln fusion crescent formation. Common scenarios: Each 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously daily or every two days, a time, three times during a course, if necessary, within 3 to 7 days repeat, Total 1 ~ 3 courses. But pay attention to complications such as infections and sodium retention.
(2) Cytotoxic drugs: For the type of diffuse proliferative LN or poor patients hormone efficacy must be added cytotoxic drugs.
① Cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide, CTX): General methods oral CTX is 2 ~ 4 mg / (kg / d), but now considered NIH program is superior to conventional methods orally, used CTX 0.5 ~ 1.0g / m2 surface area body, enters 0.9% saline intravenous infusion of 250 ml, less than 1 hour, 1 time each month crash, a total of 6 times, then every three months shock 1 time still active after leaving impact 1 year, Total <12g. Treatment should pay attention to the fully hydrated alkaline urine, and to monitor changes in the blood, adverse reactions are reversible myelosuppression, infection, have nausea, vomiting, alopecia, gonadal suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, carcinogenic, teratogenic ect. European programs: CTX 500 mg iv / 2 weeks, a total of 6 times, then give azathioprine 2 mg / kg, Total 2.5 years. NIH and European programs combined with hormone therapy.
② The azathioprine (azathioprine): Dose l ~ 2mg / (kg / d), dose glucocorticoid therapy usually combined, or as maintenance therapy.
③ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): As a new immunosuppressant, can selectively inhibit the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes suitable for the treatment of refractory ln, produce slow efficacy, along with hormone over, starting dose is 1.5 ~ 2.0g / d, achieved clinical remission after reduced to 1.0g / d, after the past six months, down to 0.75g / d, maintenance dose is usually not less than 0.5g / d, total treatment 1.5 ~ 2 years. Gastrointestinal side effects were reactions, infections, bone marrow suppression.
④ glycosides Tripterygium: 60 mg / day, divided doses, combined with hormones have some effect on LN, for mild or hormone, upon removal of reducing immunosuppression is most suitable for maintenance treatment, major adverse reactions were myelosuppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, menstrual disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms.
⑤ Cyclosporine (cyclosporine): Using starts 3 ~ 5mg / (kg / d), after taking 2-3 months Monthly least lmg / kg, reduced to 2.5mg / kg maintenance therapy doing. The main adverse reactions is liver toxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism.
⑥ Tacrolimus (tacrolimus) inhibit the activity of T cells and inflammatory cytokine responses, some scholars have suggested for the treatment of V-LN. Initial amount 0.08 ~ 0.1mg / (kg · d), two oral, with a low trough concentration is 5 ~ 15ng / ml. Should be based on the plasma concentration and dose adjustment Scr, after remission can be reduced 0.05mg / (kg / d), continued six months. Side effects include muscle tremors, hyperglycemia, A transient increase in creatinine, hepatic failure.
⑦ Leflunomide (1eflunomide): Leflunomide activity is an anti - immunomodulators proliferative different azoles, its mechanism is inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity and affects the pyrimidine synthesis of activated lymphocytes. Use once a day, every 2. Initially, three days dose (50mg / day) load, after the maintenance dose of 20 mg / day. Side effect is diarrhea, rash, bone marrow suppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, small number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
(3) The ways of treatment are studied:
① The x-ray irradiation Systemic lymph, 20 Gy course of 4 to 6 weeks.
② Dealing in vitro immunoadsorption, general 3 ~ 7 times.
③ therapy with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies as 0.3 mg / kg intravenously.
④ immune reconstitution therapy: The use of large doses of CTX with hematopoietic stem cells, eliminating the disease in bone marrow-derived immune cells.
Above is the pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Aspires Remission induction is fast disease control, disease strive complete remission (including functional recovery of serological markers, symptoms and organ damage).
2. Maintenance therapy with low dose immunosuppressive agents to control the disease, prevention of disease recurrence and small drug side effects.
(1) Glucocorticoids: It's main drug treatment can significantly improve clinical and prognosis of patients, but the specific product should be based on whether there SLE disease activity and treatment type and follow the principle of individual classification.
① Prednisone: Adults are 0.8 ~ l mg / (kg / d), a total of 8 ~ 12 weeks after stable condition, enters phase reduction treatment to the maintenance dose (every other day 0.4mg / kg), full course of treatment of 1-2 years or more.
② The methylprednisolone pulse therapy: activities for SLE and LN pathological changes in severe cases, such type Ⅳ ln fusion crescent formation. Common scenarios: Each 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously daily or every two days, a time, three times during a course, if necessary, within 3 to 7 days repeat, Total 1 ~ 3 courses. But pay attention to complications such as infections and sodium retention.
(2) Cytotoxic drugs: For the type of diffuse proliferative LN or poor patients hormone efficacy must be added cytotoxic drugs.
① Cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide, CTX): General methods oral CTX is 2 ~ 4 mg / (kg / d), but now considered NIH program is superior to conventional methods orally, used CTX 0.5 ~ 1.0g / m2 surface area body, enters 0.9% saline intravenous infusion of 250 ml, less than 1 hour, 1 time each month crash, a total of 6 times, then every three months shock 1 time still active after leaving impact 1 year, Total <12g. Treatment should pay attention to the fully hydrated alkaline urine, and to monitor changes in the blood, adverse reactions are reversible myelosuppression, infection, have nausea, vomiting, alopecia, gonadal suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, carcinogenic, teratogenic ect. European programs: CTX 500 mg iv / 2 weeks, a total of 6 times, then give azathioprine 2 mg / kg, Total 2.5 years. NIH and European programs combined with hormone therapy.
② The azathioprine (azathioprine): Dose l ~ 2mg / (kg / d), dose glucocorticoid therapy usually combined, or as maintenance therapy.
③ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): As a new immunosuppressant, can selectively inhibit the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes suitable for the treatment of refractory ln, produce slow efficacy, along with hormone over, starting dose is 1.5 ~ 2.0g / d, achieved clinical remission after reduced to 1.0g / d, after the past six months, down to 0.75g / d, maintenance dose is usually not less than 0.5g / d, total treatment 1.5 ~ 2 years. Gastrointestinal side effects were reactions, infections, bone marrow suppression.
④ glycosides Tripterygium: 60 mg / day, divided doses, combined with hormones have some effect on LN, for mild or hormone, upon removal of reducing immunosuppression is most suitable for maintenance treatment, major adverse reactions were myelosuppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, menstrual disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms.
⑤ Cyclosporine (cyclosporine): Using starts 3 ~ 5mg / (kg / d), after taking 2-3 months Monthly least lmg / kg, reduced to 2.5mg / kg maintenance therapy doing. The main adverse reactions is liver toxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism.
⑥ Tacrolimus (tacrolimus) inhibit the activity of T cells and inflammatory cytokine responses, some scholars have suggested for the treatment of V-LN. Initial amount 0.08 ~ 0.1mg / (kg · d), two oral, with a low trough concentration is 5 ~ 15ng / ml. Should be based on the plasma concentration and dose adjustment Scr, after remission can be reduced 0.05mg / (kg / d), continued six months. Side effects include muscle tremors, hyperglycemia, A transient increase in creatinine, hepatic failure.
⑦ Leflunomide (1eflunomide): Leflunomide activity is an anti - immunomodulators proliferative different azoles, its mechanism is inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity and affects the pyrimidine synthesis of activated lymphocytes. Use once a day, every 2. Initially, three days dose (50mg / day) load, after the maintenance dose of 20 mg / day. Side effect is diarrhea, rash, bone marrow suppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, small number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
(3) The ways of treatment are studied:
① The x-ray irradiation Systemic lymph, 20 Gy course of 4 to 6 weeks.
② Dealing in vitro immunoadsorption, general 3 ~ 7 times.
③ therapy with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies as 0.3 mg / kg intravenously.
④ immune reconstitution therapy: The use of large doses of CTX with hematopoietic stem cells, eliminating the disease in bone marrow-derived immune cells.
Above is the pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy have not known, currently considered multifactorial, some genetic basis, and the risk factors under the common disease.
1. Genetic factors
The proportion of diabetic nephropathy in men than in women. Studies in the US there are findings of the same living environment, African and Mexican prone diabetic nephropathy compared with whites. In the same race, some susceptible to diabetic nephropathy families, these are all signs of the presence of genetic factors. in diabetes type 1.40% to 50% occur microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes during the observation period is only 20% to 30% of diabetic nephropathy occurs, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role.
2. Abnormal Renal Hemodynamic
Diabetic nephropathy in early time can be observed in renal hemodynamic abnormalities, showed glomerular hyperfiltration and high perfusion, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased. And after protein intake increases the degree of increased more significant.
3. abnormal metabolism caused by hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia primarily hemodynamic and metabolic alterations abnormal renal lead to kidney damage, metabolic abnormalities that cause kidney damage mechanism include: ① disorder in glucose metabolism partial renal tissue through non-enzymatic glycosylation form of glycation end metabolites (AGES) .② Activation polyol pathway. ③ Diacylglycerol - activation of protein kinase c vía.④ Metabolic pathways of glycosaminoglycans is anomalous .In addition to participating in early hyperfiltration metabolic disorders, it is more important to promote thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and matrix accumulation extracellular. Increased glomerular hair.
4. Hypertension
Almost any hypertensive diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and microalbuminuria occurred in parallel, in type 2 diabetic nephropathy in frequency appear before the hypertension. The control status of blood pressure is closely related to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
5. Abnormal metabolism of vasoactive substances
The development and progression of diabetic nephropathy can be a variety of metabolic abnormalities of vasoactive substances. Include RAS, endothelin family of prostaglandins, growth factors and other metabolic disorders.
Above is etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Genetic factors
The proportion of diabetic nephropathy in men than in women. Studies in the US there are findings of the same living environment, African and Mexican prone diabetic nephropathy compared with whites. In the same race, some susceptible to diabetic nephropathy families, these are all signs of the presence of genetic factors. in diabetes type 1.40% to 50% occur microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes during the observation period is only 20% to 30% of diabetic nephropathy occurs, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role.
2. Abnormal Renal Hemodynamic
Diabetic nephropathy in early time can be observed in renal hemodynamic abnormalities, showed glomerular hyperfiltration and high perfusion, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased. And after protein intake increases the degree of increased more significant.
3. abnormal metabolism caused by hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia primarily hemodynamic and metabolic alterations abnormal renal lead to kidney damage, metabolic abnormalities that cause kidney damage mechanism include: ① disorder in glucose metabolism partial renal tissue through non-enzymatic glycosylation form of glycation end metabolites (AGES) .② Activation polyol pathway. ③ Diacylglycerol - activation of protein kinase c vía.④ Metabolic pathways of glycosaminoglycans is anomalous .In addition to participating in early hyperfiltration metabolic disorders, it is more important to promote thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and matrix accumulation extracellular. Increased glomerular hair.
4. Hypertension
Almost any hypertensive diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and microalbuminuria occurred in parallel, in type 2 diabetic nephropathy in frequency appear before the hypertension. The control status of blood pressure is closely related to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
5. Abnormal metabolism of vasoactive substances
The development and progression of diabetic nephropathy can be a variety of metabolic abnormalities of vasoactive substances. Include RAS, endothelin family of prostaglandins, growth factors and other metabolic disorders.
Above is etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Precipitating and pathological factors of lupus nephritis
Precipitating factors
① genetics and physics: Close relatives of patients the incidence of up to 5% and 12%, the incidence of monozygotic twins is 69%, the incidence of fraternal twins is only 3% blacks and Asians .The incidence significantly more, it is suggested that the disease depends on genetic factors. Genetic susceptibility disease gene is located on chromosome 6. significantly higher incidence in women, suggest the role of endocrine factors.
② Environmental Factors: As seen from genetic factors is just a trend Susceptible, environmental factors be this disease plays an important role. virus infection such lentiviral virus infection - C, factors drugs such as penicillin, hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine lvpumaqin and ect. There are possible that amine and hydrazine drugs and thiol groups a relationship. After drugs and binding of nuclear histones, and the role of lymphocyte autoimmunity form. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus rarely violates the kidney and central nervous system. Irradiation of sunlight (UV) aggravate common disease in 40% of patients, UV DNA can converte the secret scam pyridine dimer, let this increased antigenicity, trigger the disease.
Pathophysiology
Glomerular lesions: common immune complexes can soothe, intrinsic cells (mesangial, endothelial and epithelial) swelling, hyperplasia, multicore and infiltration of mononuclear cells and capillary segmental necrosis. It is important to immune complex deposition in glomerular is basic lesion of the disease, may be deposited on the skin, endothelium, in the basal and mesangial membrane immunopathology IgG showed strong staining, often accompanied IgM and IgA, complement C3, Clq and C4 also more strongly positive, over 25% of patients showed a performance "full house" .Other changes, irregular pieces can mix things quiet subendothelial optical microscopy showed glomerular capillary drawing, also known as "white gold ear" phenomenon.
1. Macroalbuminuria: When molecules glomerular filtration membrane barriers and barrier determined by charge barrier is damaged glomerular filtration membrane plasma proteins (mainly albumin right) increased permeability to increase the protein content in urine original, when more amount of absorption back uptake distal tubule form massive proteinuria.
2. hematuria When the immune response to glomerular endothelial injury, damage of the filter membrane, the red blood cells form urine overflows hematuria.
3. Edema: hypertension, oliguria, hypoalbuminemia are the main reasons for edema LN.
Above is the precipitating factors and disease lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
① genetics and physics: Close relatives of patients the incidence of up to 5% and 12%, the incidence of monozygotic twins is 69%, the incidence of fraternal twins is only 3% blacks and Asians .The incidence significantly more, it is suggested that the disease depends on genetic factors. Genetic susceptibility disease gene is located on chromosome 6. significantly higher incidence in women, suggest the role of endocrine factors.
② Environmental Factors: As seen from genetic factors is just a trend Susceptible, environmental factors be this disease plays an important role. virus infection such lentiviral virus infection - C, factors drugs such as penicillin, hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine lvpumaqin and ect. There are possible that amine and hydrazine drugs and thiol groups a relationship. After drugs and binding of nuclear histones, and the role of lymphocyte autoimmunity form. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus rarely violates the kidney and central nervous system. Irradiation of sunlight (UV) aggravate common disease in 40% of patients, UV DNA can converte the secret scam pyridine dimer, let this increased antigenicity, trigger the disease.
Pathophysiology
Glomerular lesions: common immune complexes can soothe, intrinsic cells (mesangial, endothelial and epithelial) swelling, hyperplasia, multicore and infiltration of mononuclear cells and capillary segmental necrosis. It is important to immune complex deposition in glomerular is basic lesion of the disease, may be deposited on the skin, endothelium, in the basal and mesangial membrane immunopathology IgG showed strong staining, often accompanied IgM and IgA, complement C3, Clq and C4 also more strongly positive, over 25% of patients showed a performance "full house" .Other changes, irregular pieces can mix things quiet subendothelial optical microscopy showed glomerular capillary drawing, also known as "white gold ear" phenomenon.
1. Macroalbuminuria: When molecules glomerular filtration membrane barriers and barrier determined by charge barrier is damaged glomerular filtration membrane plasma proteins (mainly albumin right) increased permeability to increase the protein content in urine original, when more amount of absorption back uptake distal tubule form massive proteinuria.
2. hematuria When the immune response to glomerular endothelial injury, damage of the filter membrane, the red blood cells form urine overflows hematuria.
3. Edema: hypertension, oliguria, hypoalbuminemia are the main reasons for edema LN.
Above is the precipitating factors and disease lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
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