Polycystic Kidney Disease is a kind of familial hereditary disease.
Sometimes, each family member has this disease. Early diagnosis is very
important to treat Polycystic Kidney Disease which always occurs with symptoms
of Haematuria, High Blood Pressure and abdominal masses, etc. But only through
these symptoms, we can not get an exact diagnosis of Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Instead, exact diagnosis should be made after normal examinations.
Ⅰ. Laboratory Examination:
Firstly, routine urine test: no abnormality can be found in early stage and
microscopic Haematuria can be found in middle and late stages. Some patients may
get Albuminuria, and White Blood Cells and pyocyte can be found if there is
stone or infection at the same time.
Secondly, urine osmotic pressure declines in the early stage, which may be
caused by less renal sensitivity of diuretic. With renal function aggravation,
renal concentrating function is damaged and osmotic pressure declines
further.
Thirdly, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increases with worsening Renal
Insufficiency and Renal Failure.
Ⅱ. Imaging Examination:
Firstly, CT examination has a correct rate of more than 90% on Polycystic
Kidney Disease diagnosis. Through CT examination, cysts can be seen with obvious
boundary to renal parenchyma and bilateral kidneys change their normal shape.
Besides, complicated cysts in liver and spleen can also be found by CT
examination.
Secondly, MRI is beneficial to define cyst fluid composition. When cyst
internal bleeding happens, hemoglobin can be degraded and ferrous iron reduces
to ferric iron which has paramagnetic characteristic, leading to abnormal
signal.
Thirdly, X-Ray abdominal plain film shows enlarged kidney shape. IVP test is
expressed by renal pelvis and renal calices malformation in strange spiderlike
shape.
Fourthly, Type-B Ultrasonic examination is the first choice to diagnose
Polycystic Kidney Disease presently. Through Type-B Ultrasonic, typical
expression of cysts is no echo areas with various sizes in bilateral kidneys.
Cyst wall is not clear, but with strong echo. Cysts are in round or oval shape.
Complex masses can be found through Type-B Ultrasonic examination if this
disease is complicated with cyst internal bleeding, stone and calcification,
etc.
When Polycystic Kidney Disease develops into some certain degree, it is not
difficult to make a clinical diagnosis based on irregular bilateral kidneys
enlargement, various sizes of cysts in bilateral kidneys through Type-B
Ultrasonic examination, CT and other imaging examinations, as well as patients
family history.
Once patients are diagnosed as Polycystic Kidney Disease, they should accept
treatment actively in order to delay illness condition developing and prevent
Polycystic Kidney Disease developing into Renal Failure and Uremia.
