Polycystic Kidney Disease is a kind of hereditary Kidney Disease, with
certain law objective law of occurrence and development. Stages of Polycystic
Kidney Disease development can be listed as follows:
StageⅠ. Occurring Stage. Because this disease is a kind of hereditary
disease, cysts have already formed when they were born. And normally, cysts
cannot be found easily before patients are 20 years old due to the small size of
cysts. If there are Polycystic Kidney Disease patients among family members,
other family members should go to hospital for a check so as to observe cysts
growing condition as early as possible. During this stage, patients should pay
attention to daily life care.
Stage Ⅱ. Growing Stage. Cysts can grow faster when patients are in the range
of 30 to 40 year old. This period is called growing stage medically. During this
stage, observation on cysts growth should be strengthened. Western Medicine has
no effective treatment to cure this disease in this stage, and it only can treat
symptoms like Hypertension and other symptoms, which is absolutely passive.
Actually, patients still need active treatment in this stage with the purpose of
blocking or delaying cysts growing and prolonging patients’ life through the
application of Chinese Medicine with stronger ability of activating blood and
eliminating blood stasis. In another word, this stage can be the key stage for
Chinese Medicine to delay cysts growing by activating blood and eliminating
blood stasis.
Stage Ⅲ. Enlargement Stage. When patients are more than 40 years old, cysts
can grow and enlarge further. From cysts increasing to more than 4cm to cysts
rupture, this period is called Enlargement Stage. With cysts growing and
increasing, more and more clinical symptoms like, waist ache, Albuminuria,
Haematuria, increased blood pressure, etc, appear. Close observation is needed
at this moment. As for treatment, Chinese Medicine can be taken to activate
blood, eliminate blood stasis, excrete turbid and remove cystic fluid that can
be harmful to renal function, in order to protect renal function.
Stage Ⅳ. Rupture Stage. If cysts keep growing, they may rupture under actions
of external factors. Patients should be hospitalized to accept treatment once
cysts rupture and control infections actively in order to prevent Septicemia and
acute aggravation of renal function, which is helpful to treat other symptoms
effectively.
Stage Ⅴ. Uremia Stage. During this stage, patients should accept treatment
actively to cure Uremia in order to protect remained renal function. Peritoneal
Dialysis and Hemodialysis are taken to treat this disease in the end stage of
Uremia.
2016年10月28日星期五
2016年10月27日星期四
Process of Renal Fibrosis in Polycystic Kidney Disease
How does cysts of PKD happen and why they can cause renal function injury?
PKD belongs to hereditary Kidney Diseases. Injuring process of PKD is mainly the
process of Renal Fibrosis.
Congenital gene mutation can cause cystic gene secretion which can enlarge cysts of Polycystic Kidney. Under the action of cystic wall, tubular basement membrane become abnormal, and continuously secrete growth factors, like EGF, TGF-β, IGF，etc, which can increase proliferation and secretion of epithelial cells on tubular wall of Polycystic Kidney. Proliferation of epithelial cells can cause renal tubule obstruction which can lead to fluid retention in upper tubular, and then cysts forms.
Besides, proliferation of epithelial cells can also lead to semi-obstruction at cysts neck, which causes difficulties for fluid to go out of human body. For this reason, cysts can keep growing.
With the development of Renal Fibrosis, synthesis of Extracellular Matrix increases, with less degradation, which causes an unbalance between ECM synthesis and degradation. Massive ECM deposit and accumulate in human body, resulting in Glomerular Sclerosis and renal tubular atrophy. Renal fibrosis tissue replaces healthy nephron gradually, and finally Renal Fibrosis forms.
According to pathogenesis of congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease, there are three main causes of cysts forming and developing. Firstly, cystic gene of PKD. Secondly, proliferation and secretion of renal tubule and epithelial cells on cyst wall. Thirdly, composition changes of ECM as well as development of Renal Fibrosis.
There are very few discomforts in the early stage of Polycystic Kidney Disease which is the main reason why the disease is always neglected by patients. Patients are suggested to accept treatment as early as possible, in order to avoid renal function injury and prevent Renal Fibrosis developing into cicatricial tissue, aggravating to Uremia.
Congenital gene mutation can cause cystic gene secretion which can enlarge cysts of Polycystic Kidney. Under the action of cystic wall, tubular basement membrane become abnormal, and continuously secrete growth factors, like EGF, TGF-β, IGF，etc, which can increase proliferation and secretion of epithelial cells on tubular wall of Polycystic Kidney. Proliferation of epithelial cells can cause renal tubule obstruction which can lead to fluid retention in upper tubular, and then cysts forms.
Besides, proliferation of epithelial cells can also lead to semi-obstruction at cysts neck, which causes difficulties for fluid to go out of human body. For this reason, cysts can keep growing.
With the development of Renal Fibrosis, synthesis of Extracellular Matrix increases, with less degradation, which causes an unbalance between ECM synthesis and degradation. Massive ECM deposit and accumulate in human body, resulting in Glomerular Sclerosis and renal tubular atrophy. Renal fibrosis tissue replaces healthy nephron gradually, and finally Renal Fibrosis forms.
According to pathogenesis of congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease, there are three main causes of cysts forming and developing. Firstly, cystic gene of PKD. Secondly, proliferation and secretion of renal tubule and epithelial cells on cyst wall. Thirdly, composition changes of ECM as well as development of Renal Fibrosis.
There are very few discomforts in the early stage of Polycystic Kidney Disease which is the main reason why the disease is always neglected by patients. Patients are suggested to accept treatment as early as possible, in order to avoid renal function injury and prevent Renal Fibrosis developing into cicatricial tissue, aggravating to Uremia.
2016年10月26日星期三
Polycystic Kidney Disease Treatment Methods
Ⅰ.General Treatment: In general, patients should keep optimistic firstly
after being diagnosed Polycystic Kidney Disease.
If normal life is not influenced, patients should keep a diet with less or no stimulating foods such as salty or spicy food and have a regular schedule, maintaining a steady and optimistic attitude. If being affected, besides of the above mentioned, patients should accept treatments as soon as possible. Otherwise, it will be too late to accept treatments if illness develops into Renal Function Failure which refers to Uremia.
Ⅱ.Cyst Decortications operation: This operation can reduce cystic pressure on renal parenchyma, which can prevent most of remaining renal units from being compressed and impaired further. It can also relieve renal ischemia and recover localized renal function, delaying the development of illness condition. The key to make operations succeed is to take operation as soon as possible, cyst decompression must be thorough, and small cysts as well as cysts in the deep kidney can’t be ignored. As for bilateral surgery, interval should be more than half a year generally. As for patients in end stage of Polycystic Kidney Disease, if they suffer from Renal Failure in the stage of azotemia and Uremia, no matter whether hypertension accompanied or not, they should not accept this operation. On the contrary, operation can worsen illness condition.
Ⅲ.Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment: Presently, Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment has gained excellent effect on treating Polycystic Kidney by adopting conservative treatment, namely, external application of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine considers Polycystic Kidney is the result of interaction of external and internal factors. In Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment, sac liquid is excreted gradually through the way of cascade diversion, so as to shrink cysts gradually. Conservative treatment has the incomparable treatment effect over Western Medicine, almost without side effect and makes disease less recurrence.
Ⅳ.Dialysis and Transplantation: Patients should accept dialysis treatment immediately and blood dialysis should be firstly chosen, when illness condition aggravate into End Stage Renal Failure. Surviving rate of kidney transplantation for Polycystic Kidney is some equal to other kidney transplantation for other reasons. But complications of Kidney Transplantation make postoperative management more difficult and affect the effect of kidney transplantation.
If normal life is not influenced, patients should keep a diet with less or no stimulating foods such as salty or spicy food and have a regular schedule, maintaining a steady and optimistic attitude. If being affected, besides of the above mentioned, patients should accept treatments as soon as possible. Otherwise, it will be too late to accept treatments if illness develops into Renal Function Failure which refers to Uremia.
Ⅱ.Cyst Decortications operation: This operation can reduce cystic pressure on renal parenchyma, which can prevent most of remaining renal units from being compressed and impaired further. It can also relieve renal ischemia and recover localized renal function, delaying the development of illness condition. The key to make operations succeed is to take operation as soon as possible, cyst decompression must be thorough, and small cysts as well as cysts in the deep kidney can’t be ignored. As for bilateral surgery, interval should be more than half a year generally. As for patients in end stage of Polycystic Kidney Disease, if they suffer from Renal Failure in the stage of azotemia and Uremia, no matter whether hypertension accompanied or not, they should not accept this operation. On the contrary, operation can worsen illness condition.
Ⅲ.Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment: Presently, Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment has gained excellent effect on treating Polycystic Kidney by adopting conservative treatment, namely, external application of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine considers Polycystic Kidney is the result of interaction of external and internal factors. In Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment, sac liquid is excreted gradually through the way of cascade diversion, so as to shrink cysts gradually. Conservative treatment has the incomparable treatment effect over Western Medicine, almost without side effect and makes disease less recurrence.
Ⅳ.Dialysis and Transplantation: Patients should accept dialysis treatment immediately and blood dialysis should be firstly chosen, when illness condition aggravate into End Stage Renal Failure. Surviving rate of kidney transplantation for Polycystic Kidney is some equal to other kidney transplantation for other reasons. But complications of Kidney Transplantation make postoperative management more difficult and affect the effect of kidney transplantation.
2016年10月21日星期五
How to Distinguish Renal Failure and Uremia Caused by PKD
If Polycystic Kidney Disease can not be controlled or treated effectively, it
may develop into Renal Insufficiency, or even Renal Failure and Uremia. Uremia
is not a independent disease name. Instead, it is a clinical syndrome of various
end stage Kidney Diseases. According to related tests and symptoms as well as
increasing physical indexes of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, etc, disease
development can be divided into three stages—Renal Insufficiency compensatory
stage, azotemia stage and Uremia stage. Well, how to distinguish these three
stages?
In Renal Insufficiency compensatory stage, due to declined renal function, glomerular filtrating rate decreases, but serum creatinine is not more than 178umoI/L and blood urea nitrogen is less than 9mmoI/L. Patients have no symptoms in this stage. When serum creatinine is more than 178umoI/L and blood urea nitrogen is more than 9mmoI/L, and patients still have no clinical symptoms except tiredness, low appetite, and different degrees anemia, it means that this disease has developed into azotemia stage. Uremia stage refers to that glomerular filtrating rate decreases further, and serum creatinine is more than 445umoI/L as well as blood urea nitrogen is more than 20mmoI/L. In this stage, patients have obvious symptoms.
It is terrible if PKD develops into Uremia which is a great threat to human life. Therefore, PKD patients are suggested to receive effective treatment as early as possible, especially in Renal Insufficiency compensatory stage when cysts are still small.
In Renal Insufficiency compensatory stage, due to declined renal function, glomerular filtrating rate decreases, but serum creatinine is not more than 178umoI/L and blood urea nitrogen is less than 9mmoI/L. Patients have no symptoms in this stage. When serum creatinine is more than 178umoI/L and blood urea nitrogen is more than 9mmoI/L, and patients still have no clinical symptoms except tiredness, low appetite, and different degrees anemia, it means that this disease has developed into azotemia stage. Uremia stage refers to that glomerular filtrating rate decreases further, and serum creatinine is more than 445umoI/L as well as blood urea nitrogen is more than 20mmoI/L. In this stage, patients have obvious symptoms.
It is terrible if PKD develops into Uremia which is a great threat to human life. Therefore, PKD patients are suggested to receive effective treatment as early as possible, especially in Renal Insufficiency compensatory stage when cysts are still small.
2016年10月19日星期三
Diagnosis Methods of Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
Presently, Adult PKD is mostly diagnosed by clinical symptoms and Imaging
Examination. In recent years, with the development of molecular genetic
technology, gene can be taken as a method to diagnose Adult PKD.
Clinical diagnosis: though there is not a common view on clinical diagnosis of Adult PKD, primary clinical diagnosis standard can be listed as follow: patients usually have clinical symptoms when they get around 40 years old. Clinical symptoms of swelling pain on waist and up back, Hypertension, Haematuria, abdominal masses, urinary tract infection and renal colic, complicated with urinary tract stone as well as Polycystic liver, Polycystic spleen and intracranial aneurysm can appear. Appearance of clinical symptoms means that cysts has already damaged renal parenchyma seriously. With time going on, this damage will be aggravated. Early clinical diagnosis always depends on familial history and imaging examination.
Imaging examination is the main method to diagnose Adult PKD.
Firstly, Ultrasonic Examination: ultrasonic examination is taken as the first choice to diagnose ADPKD, because it has a high sensitivity with no radioactivity and no trauma and it is also low-cost and convenient. Besides, ultrasonic examination is also used as an important method to make an prenatal diagnosis and to check the condition of patients' lineal consanguinity. Through Type-B ultrasonic examination, bilateral kidneys enlargement and irregular kidney shape can be found. Besides, round or oval cysts with various sizes can be found in kidneys, spreading the whole kidney. Cysts lose their smooth shape due to pressure to each other caused by each cyst. some patients may also be found Polycystic Liver or Polycystic Spleen through examination.
Secondly, CT : this is also an important method to diagnose ADPKD. Small cysts with diameter of 0.3cm to 0.5 cm can be found in bilateral kidneys. It has a significant role in making an early diagnosis of ADPKD. However, CT has radioactivity, so patients who suffer from early stage of PKD are not suggested to take this examination.
Thirdly, Other imaging examination: KUB and IVU can show enlarged kidney shadow, with irregular shape. Renal calices and renal pelvis can be changed normal shape and stretched as well as removed. Besides, cystoscopic urography and renoarteriography can also be used to diagnose ADPKD.
Gene diagnosis method: with continuous orientation and clone on gene of PKD patients, it is more possible to make an exact gene diagnosis of PKD and gene treatment of PKD. However, gene treatment is still in a start-up stage. Presently, there are two kinds of PKD diagnosis methods by gene: analysis on gene mutation and analysis on gene linkage.
Clinical diagnosis: though there is not a common view on clinical diagnosis of Adult PKD, primary clinical diagnosis standard can be listed as follow: patients usually have clinical symptoms when they get around 40 years old. Clinical symptoms of swelling pain on waist and up back, Hypertension, Haematuria, abdominal masses, urinary tract infection and renal colic, complicated with urinary tract stone as well as Polycystic liver, Polycystic spleen and intracranial aneurysm can appear. Appearance of clinical symptoms means that cysts has already damaged renal parenchyma seriously. With time going on, this damage will be aggravated. Early clinical diagnosis always depends on familial history and imaging examination.
Imaging examination is the main method to diagnose Adult PKD.
Firstly, Ultrasonic Examination: ultrasonic examination is taken as the first choice to diagnose ADPKD, because it has a high sensitivity with no radioactivity and no trauma and it is also low-cost and convenient. Besides, ultrasonic examination is also used as an important method to make an prenatal diagnosis and to check the condition of patients' lineal consanguinity. Through Type-B ultrasonic examination, bilateral kidneys enlargement and irregular kidney shape can be found. Besides, round or oval cysts with various sizes can be found in kidneys, spreading the whole kidney. Cysts lose their smooth shape due to pressure to each other caused by each cyst. some patients may also be found Polycystic Liver or Polycystic Spleen through examination.
Secondly, CT : this is also an important method to diagnose ADPKD. Small cysts with diameter of 0.3cm to 0.5 cm can be found in bilateral kidneys. It has a significant role in making an early diagnosis of ADPKD. However, CT has radioactivity, so patients who suffer from early stage of PKD are not suggested to take this examination.
Thirdly, Other imaging examination: KUB and IVU can show enlarged kidney shadow, with irregular shape. Renal calices and renal pelvis can be changed normal shape and stretched as well as removed. Besides, cystoscopic urography and renoarteriography can also be used to diagnose ADPKD.
Gene diagnosis method: with continuous orientation and clone on gene of PKD patients, it is more possible to make an exact gene diagnosis of PKD and gene treatment of PKD. However, gene treatment is still in a start-up stage. Presently, there are two kinds of PKD diagnosis methods by gene: analysis on gene mutation and analysis on gene linkage.
2016年10月16日星期日
Reasons That Can Cause PKD Patients Death
What are the reasons that can cause PKD patients death? Renal Insufficiency
which can be found in every age is the main cause of patients’ death. As for
patients older than 60, 45% of them may get the illness condition developed into
end stage Renal Failure. According to foreign investigation, the average time of
renal function injury developing into End Stage Renal Failure is about 10 years.
Once glomerular filtrating rate decreases to less than 50ml per minute, its
descent speed may be 5ml per minute in a year.
Renal Insufficiency is mainly caused by cysts which can compress renal parenchyma and reduce blood flow in renal blood vessel and effective filtrating rate. In addition, interstitium fibrosis and declined concentrated function and excreting ability caused by renal tubular pathological changes as well as renal blood vessel sclerosis caused by Hypertension can block toxin being filtrated, and then Renal Insufficiency appears.
Besides, other factors may also affect renal function aggravated speed.
Firstly, gene: PKD patients who suffer from gene mutation will die 10 years earlier than patients who do not suffer from gene mutation.
Secondly, inheritance factor: patients who inherit this disease from mother will die earlier than patients who get this disease from father.
Thirdly, gender: female can be later than male, except for patients who suffer from Liver Cyst at the same time.
Fourthly, Haematuria, Albuminuria as well as urinary tract infection and other infections can aggravate renal function. Besides, pregnancy can also affect renal function.
These factors can be independent or co-existent, both of which can lead to renal function injury.
All the above factors may cause patients death. Patients should pay more attention on these factors. The key reason of PKD recurrence is that renal fibrosis can not be blocked from its root cause and renal function can not be protected effectively. As for treatment of PKD, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an effective treatment to treat PKD through activating blood and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and eliminating toxin as well as repairing and renewing. It has helped many PKD patients to live a normal life with illness.
Renal Insufficiency is mainly caused by cysts which can compress renal parenchyma and reduce blood flow in renal blood vessel and effective filtrating rate. In addition, interstitium fibrosis and declined concentrated function and excreting ability caused by renal tubular pathological changes as well as renal blood vessel sclerosis caused by Hypertension can block toxin being filtrated, and then Renal Insufficiency appears.
Besides, other factors may also affect renal function aggravated speed.
Firstly, gene: PKD patients who suffer from gene mutation will die 10 years earlier than patients who do not suffer from gene mutation.
Secondly, inheritance factor: patients who inherit this disease from mother will die earlier than patients who get this disease from father.
Thirdly, gender: female can be later than male, except for patients who suffer from Liver Cyst at the same time.
Fourthly, Haematuria, Albuminuria as well as urinary tract infection and other infections can aggravate renal function. Besides, pregnancy can also affect renal function.
These factors can be independent or co-existent, both of which can lead to renal function injury.
All the above factors may cause patients death. Patients should pay more attention on these factors. The key reason of PKD recurrence is that renal fibrosis can not be blocked from its root cause and renal function can not be protected effectively. As for treatment of PKD, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an effective treatment to treat PKD through activating blood and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and eliminating toxin as well as repairing and renewing. It has helped many PKD patients to live a normal life with illness.
2016年10月15日星期六
Categories of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) belongs to a kind of hereditary disease.
According the Genetics, PKD can be categorized as autosomal dominant PKD and
recessive PKD. And autosomal dominant PKD is more universal amid patients.
ADPKD belongs to autosomal dominate inheritance with characteristic of familial aggregation. Both male and female can get this disease with equal possibility. This disease can also inherit for generations.
ADPKD is also known as adult PKD, which is very common. With the gradual penetration to this disease, prognosis for this disease is improved apparently.
ARPKD belongs to autosomal recessive inheritance, which is also known as fetus PKD. Fetus’ parents rarely have the same disease history. This type is really seldom seen among PKD patients, and most of sick children die soon after their birth. Only very few of them who suffer from lighter illness condition can survive till to childhood, or even adulthood.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can treat PKD effectively through the methods of activating blood, removing blood stasis in channels and eliminating toxin in body. Active substances of Chinese Medicine can protect remained healthy nephron and recover injured renal cells after they entering into renal lesion. It can treat PKD effectively with no operation and no side effect.
ADPKD belongs to autosomal dominate inheritance with characteristic of familial aggregation. Both male and female can get this disease with equal possibility. This disease can also inherit for generations.
ADPKD is also known as adult PKD, which is very common. With the gradual penetration to this disease, prognosis for this disease is improved apparently.
ARPKD belongs to autosomal recessive inheritance, which is also known as fetus PKD. Fetus’ parents rarely have the same disease history. This type is really seldom seen among PKD patients, and most of sick children die soon after their birth. Only very few of them who suffer from lighter illness condition can survive till to childhood, or even adulthood.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can treat PKD effectively through the methods of activating blood, removing blood stasis in channels and eliminating toxin in body. Active substances of Chinese Medicine can protect remained healthy nephron and recover injured renal cells after they entering into renal lesion. It can treat PKD effectively with no operation and no side effect.
2016年10月13日星期四
Typical Case of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Patient Name: Zhou Ping
Gender: Female
Age: 53
Province: Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province
Diagnosis: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Renal Failure Stage, Nephrotic Anemia, Nephrotic Hypertension, and Polycystic Liver Disease.
Physical Examination in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital: patient had symptoms of nausea, vomiting, tiredness and low appetite.
Blood pressure: 180/120mmHg
Type-B Ultrasonic result, right kidney: 28×9.5×9.2cm; left kidney: 30×10×9.5cm
Renal function:Scr642umol/L，BUN27mmol/L
Electrolyte: cl120mmol/L，co2cp15mmol/L
Routine Blood Test: Hb80g/L
Treatment and effect: patient was given Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy to treat her disease. Five days later, symptoms of nausea and vomiting disappear, and patient began to have a better appetite after seven-day treatment. Ten days later, tiredness is relived and blood pressure was controlled in 130/80mmHg.
Test results of 20days later, renal function: Scr400umol/L，BUN19mmol/L; electrolyte: cl110mmol/L，co2cp21mmol/L; routine blood test: Hb95g/L; right Kidney: 20×7.2×7.0cm; left kidney: 19×7.0×7.5cm
Patient left hospital to home for consolidation treatment.
Returning visit after half a year, renal function: Scr178umol/L，BUN8.5mmol/L; electrolyte: co2cp25mmol/L; routine blood test: Hb110g/L; right kidney: 10×5.0×5.0cm; left kidney: 10.5×5.0×5.5cm
Expert comment: Renal Failure that patient suffered from was developed gradually from Polycystic Kidney Disease which usually happens among patients at 35 to 40 years old. With cysts growing, they can compress nephron, which can lead to renal ischemia and anoxia as well as function decline. Once some certain number nephron function is damaged or disappeared, this disease can develop into Renal Insufficiency, or even Uremia, causing a series of complications of anemia, acidosis, and gastrointestinal functional disorder and so on. Micro-Chinese Medicine can improve blood circulation on cyst wall, recycle cyst fluid and reduce cysts, which is helpful to reduce cystic pressure on nephron and recover injured nephron. Through this method, renal function can be recovered and complications can be relived at the same time.
Gender: Female
Age: 53
Province: Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province
Diagnosis: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Renal Failure Stage, Nephrotic Anemia, Nephrotic Hypertension, and Polycystic Liver Disease.
Physical Examination in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital: patient had symptoms of nausea, vomiting, tiredness and low appetite.
Blood pressure: 180/120mmHg
Type-B Ultrasonic result, right kidney: 28×9.5×9.2cm; left kidney: 30×10×9.5cm
Renal function:Scr642umol/L，BUN27mmol/L
Electrolyte: cl120mmol/L，co2cp15mmol/L
Routine Blood Test: Hb80g/L
Treatment and effect: patient was given Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy to treat her disease. Five days later, symptoms of nausea and vomiting disappear, and patient began to have a better appetite after seven-day treatment. Ten days later, tiredness is relived and blood pressure was controlled in 130/80mmHg.
Test results of 20days later, renal function: Scr400umol/L，BUN19mmol/L; electrolyte: cl110mmol/L，co2cp21mmol/L; routine blood test: Hb95g/L; right Kidney: 20×7.2×7.0cm; left kidney: 19×7.0×7.5cm
Patient left hospital to home for consolidation treatment.
Returning visit after half a year, renal function: Scr178umol/L，BUN8.5mmol/L; electrolyte: co2cp25mmol/L; routine blood test: Hb110g/L; right kidney: 10×5.0×5.0cm; left kidney: 10.5×5.0×5.5cm
Expert comment: Renal Failure that patient suffered from was developed gradually from Polycystic Kidney Disease which usually happens among patients at 35 to 40 years old. With cysts growing, they can compress nephron, which can lead to renal ischemia and anoxia as well as function decline. Once some certain number nephron function is damaged or disappeared, this disease can develop into Renal Insufficiency, or even Uremia, causing a series of complications of anemia, acidosis, and gastrointestinal functional disorder and so on. Micro-Chinese Medicine can improve blood circulation on cyst wall, recycle cyst fluid and reduce cysts, which is helpful to reduce cystic pressure on nephron and recover injured nephron. Through this method, renal function can be recovered and complications can be relived at the same time.
2016年10月12日星期三
Symptoms in Late Stage Polycystic Kidney Disease
Most PKD patients seldom have symptoms in early stage of Polycystic Kidney
Disease due to concealed characteristic of this disease. But if this disease
develops into late stage, cysts grow gradually and compress kidneys, causing
different symptoms. There are several symptoms of late stage PKD in following
passage.
Firstly, cysts are in round shape with various sizes.
Secondly, Haematuria: due to growing size of cysts, cyst rupture may happen, and then Haematuria appear. Cyst rupture may be mainly caused by strenuous exercise or excessive tiredness. Once this situation appears, patients should be sent to hospital as quickly as possible in order to avoid cyst secondary rupture and illness condition worsening.
Thirdly, some complications such as retinopathy may happen. High Blood Pressure may lead to eyeground arterial sclerosis, which can reduce blood supply to retina. Besides, massive Haematuria can cause sudden hemoglobin decline, which can worsen optic neuropathy and blood supply condition, resulting in secondary optic atrophy.
Fourthly, with cysts growing, kidney volume increases to 10 times with normal ones. Kidney has abnormal shape such as malformation of renal calices and renal pelvis.
Fifth, renal function can be damaged completely with cysts of PKD growing, which can lead to Renal Insufficiency and Uremia.
PKD patients should accept timely and active treatment in order to prevent illness condition developing into Renal Failure or even Uremia. As for treatment of PKD, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can treat PKD effectively through three steps of activating blood and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and eliminating toxin, repairing and renewing. This treatment can treat PKD from its root cause. PKD patients can live healthily with this disease, if cysts growth can be controlled effectively.
Firstly, cysts are in round shape with various sizes.
Secondly, Haematuria: due to growing size of cysts, cyst rupture may happen, and then Haematuria appear. Cyst rupture may be mainly caused by strenuous exercise or excessive tiredness. Once this situation appears, patients should be sent to hospital as quickly as possible in order to avoid cyst secondary rupture and illness condition worsening.
Thirdly, some complications such as retinopathy may happen. High Blood Pressure may lead to eyeground arterial sclerosis, which can reduce blood supply to retina. Besides, massive Haematuria can cause sudden hemoglobin decline, which can worsen optic neuropathy and blood supply condition, resulting in secondary optic atrophy.
Fourthly, with cysts growing, kidney volume increases to 10 times with normal ones. Kidney has abnormal shape such as malformation of renal calices and renal pelvis.
Fifth, renal function can be damaged completely with cysts of PKD growing, which can lead to Renal Insufficiency and Uremia.
PKD patients should accept timely and active treatment in order to prevent illness condition developing into Renal Failure or even Uremia. As for treatment of PKD, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can treat PKD effectively through three steps of activating blood and dredging channels, removing blood stasis and eliminating toxin, repairing and renewing. This treatment can treat PKD from its root cause. PKD patients can live healthily with this disease, if cysts growth can be controlled effectively.
2016年10月7日星期五
Reasons of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease is mainly caused by hereditary factor which is
inherited from either of parent’s gene. Besides hereditary factor, there are
still other factors that can cause Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Firstly, we should know that what congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease is. Some people think that Polycystic Kidney Disease is mainly caused by existed renal tubular diverticulum. Cyst fluid chemical composition of Adult congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease is similar with plasma ultrafiltrate. It was tested that there are 20 secretion circles of cyst fluid. Inner diameter of cyst is 0.5 to 1cm normally, or even 3 to 4 cm.
The most acceptable cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease is renal ischemia. Typically, cyst wall of Polycystic Kidney is very thin in transparent form. After infected for many times, Cyst wall will become thick, fibrosis or even calcification. With cysts of PKD patients growing, they can compress renal parenchyma. However, it is not so severe to damage renal function.
Specialist on Kidney Disease points that congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease belongs to tumor actually. The older patients are, the higher incidence is. Pathogenesis of PKD is not researched clearly yet. Maybe it is related with congenital glomerular and renal tubular structural abnormality as well as acquired trauma infection.
Knowing about some common knowledge is helpful for patients to prevent this disease happening. Person who has a familial history of PKD should avoid infection and cold in order to reduce incidence of Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Firstly, we should know that what congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease is. Some people think that Polycystic Kidney Disease is mainly caused by existed renal tubular diverticulum. Cyst fluid chemical composition of Adult congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease is similar with plasma ultrafiltrate. It was tested that there are 20 secretion circles of cyst fluid. Inner diameter of cyst is 0.5 to 1cm normally, or even 3 to 4 cm.
The most acceptable cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease is renal ischemia. Typically, cyst wall of Polycystic Kidney is very thin in transparent form. After infected for many times, Cyst wall will become thick, fibrosis or even calcification. With cysts of PKD patients growing, they can compress renal parenchyma. However, it is not so severe to damage renal function.
Specialist on Kidney Disease points that congenital Polycystic Kidney Disease belongs to tumor actually. The older patients are, the higher incidence is. Pathogenesis of PKD is not researched clearly yet. Maybe it is related with congenital glomerular and renal tubular structural abnormality as well as acquired trauma infection.
Knowing about some common knowledge is helpful for patients to prevent this disease happening. Person who has a familial history of PKD should avoid infection and cold in order to reduce incidence of Polycystic Kidney Disease.
2016年10月5日星期三
Clinical Meaning of Serum Creatinine Test
Normally, serum creatinine is not affected by external factors like diet,
high catabolism and so on. On the condition that exogenous creatinine intake is
steady and internal generation is constant, concentration of serum creatinine
mostly depend on Glomerular filtrating rate. However, serum creatinine is not
equal to creatinine clearance rate which is more sensitive than the former one.
During renal function compensatory stage, creatinine clearance rate reduces but
serum creatinine is normal. Only if glomerular filtrating rate decreases to less
than 50%, serum creatinine will increase rapidly. Therefore, when serum
creatinine is obviously higher than normal condition, renal function has already
been damaged greatly. Because creatinine clearance rate is still related with
glomerular concentrated function, serum creatinine is a significant index to
reflect glomerular function once renal concentrated function in injured.
Normally, serum creatinine value of male should be in the range of 53 to 106gmol/L or 0.6 to 1.2rug/d1, and female value should be 44.2 to 97.2gmol/L or 0.5 to 1.1rug/d1. Because internal generation of creatinine is related with muscle amount, serum creatinine value of people with well-developed muscle may be high to 130gmol/L, while for very thin people, creatinine value may be only 26.5gmol/L. if patients serum creatinine is higher than 132gmol/L, their glomerular function may have been greatly damaged. Besides emaciation, due to the assimilation of increased glomerular filtrating rate and fetus, people who are pregnant usually have a lower serum creatinine value than normal person.
Normally, very tiny creatinine is secreted by renal tubule, and some may diffuse into enteric cavity. As for Uremia patients, renal tubule secretion increases greatly, with 16% to 60% creatinine entering into enteric cavity. Reproduction of streptococcus and enterococcus in upper gastrointestinal tract can produce creatinine lyase which can degrade creatinine. For this reason, as for some Uremia patients, concentration of serum creatinine and urine creatinine as well as internal creatinine clearance rate may fluctuate.
Normally, serum creatinine value of male should be in the range of 53 to 106gmol/L or 0.6 to 1.2rug/d1, and female value should be 44.2 to 97.2gmol/L or 0.5 to 1.1rug/d1. Because internal generation of creatinine is related with muscle amount, serum creatinine value of people with well-developed muscle may be high to 130gmol/L, while for very thin people, creatinine value may be only 26.5gmol/L. if patients serum creatinine is higher than 132gmol/L, their glomerular function may have been greatly damaged. Besides emaciation, due to the assimilation of increased glomerular filtrating rate and fetus, people who are pregnant usually have a lower serum creatinine value than normal person.
Normally, very tiny creatinine is secreted by renal tubule, and some may diffuse into enteric cavity. As for Uremia patients, renal tubule secretion increases greatly, with 16% to 60% creatinine entering into enteric cavity. Reproduction of streptococcus and enterococcus in upper gastrointestinal tract can produce creatinine lyase which can degrade creatinine. For this reason, as for some Uremia patients, concentration of serum creatinine and urine creatinine as well as internal creatinine clearance rate may fluctuate.
2016年10月1日星期六
Developing Process of Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
In the early stage Adult PKD, cysts are still small, so patients seldom have
obvious symptoms in this stage. With cysts growing and increasing, they can
compress surrounding renal tissue greatly. Then obvious symptoms appear. Pain on
waist usually happens firstly in early stage, but it is usually neglected by
most patients and no treatment can be taken to treat this symptom. Growing cysts
can replace more and more normal renal tissue, causing larger pressure on
surrounding renal tissue, and then End Stage Renal Failure appears.
Ⅰ. What is the hereditary regulation of Adult PKD?
Adult PKD follows the regulation of autosomal dominant inheritance, with equal incidence to both male and female. Each of the parents suffers from this disease, each of their children can get this disease at a risk of 50%, and this number can increase to 75% if both parents have this disease. Children who do not inherit PKD do not carry cystic gene, and their later generation won’t have this disease if they marry with person who do not suffer from PKD. Besides inherited from parents, patients who get this disease through gene mutation are rarely seen.
Ⅱ. Does PKD have a serious illness condition when it happens?
Generally, there are no obvious symptoms in early stage PKD. For this reason, most patients are not diagnosed as PKD in this stage. Common primary symptoms that may appear in early stage of PKD are High Blood Pressure, Haematuria, bellyache, and sometimes Urinary tract infection and Kidney Stone can be found among primary symptoms.
Each disease develops from slowly and lightly to rapidly and seriously, and PKD is no exception. Due to strong compensatory ability of kidney, there are seldom obvious clinical symptoms when kidney is injured by cysts or other external factors in the early stage. Patients can live, work and study normally.
Ⅲ. How about the process of PKD developing into Uremia?
PKD is a kind of disease that so many cysts are growing in whole kidney. These cysts are growing with age, causing pressure on kidneys, which can damage renal structure and reduce nephron number. Finally, kidneys are so injured that they can not maintain body’s normal life. At this moment, Uremia happens.
More exactly, the process of Renal Failure and Uremia is also the process of Renal Fibrosis, and Renal Failure and Uremia is the result of more than 50% kidney fibrosis.
Specialists on Kidney Disease point out that the earlier treatment is taken, the better therapeutic effect can get. The best treating timing is before renal function injury. Renal Failure and Uremia can be avoided completely if cysts of PKD growth can be removed or controlled effectively in the early stage.
Ⅰ. What is the hereditary regulation of Adult PKD?
Adult PKD follows the regulation of autosomal dominant inheritance, with equal incidence to both male and female. Each of the parents suffers from this disease, each of their children can get this disease at a risk of 50%, and this number can increase to 75% if both parents have this disease. Children who do not inherit PKD do not carry cystic gene, and their later generation won’t have this disease if they marry with person who do not suffer from PKD. Besides inherited from parents, patients who get this disease through gene mutation are rarely seen.
Ⅱ. Does PKD have a serious illness condition when it happens?
Generally, there are no obvious symptoms in early stage PKD. For this reason, most patients are not diagnosed as PKD in this stage. Common primary symptoms that may appear in early stage of PKD are High Blood Pressure, Haematuria, bellyache, and sometimes Urinary tract infection and Kidney Stone can be found among primary symptoms.
Each disease develops from slowly and lightly to rapidly and seriously, and PKD is no exception. Due to strong compensatory ability of kidney, there are seldom obvious clinical symptoms when kidney is injured by cysts or other external factors in the early stage. Patients can live, work and study normally.
Ⅲ. How about the process of PKD developing into Uremia?
PKD is a kind of disease that so many cysts are growing in whole kidney. These cysts are growing with age, causing pressure on kidneys, which can damage renal structure and reduce nephron number. Finally, kidneys are so injured that they can not maintain body’s normal life. At this moment, Uremia happens.
More exactly, the process of Renal Failure and Uremia is also the process of Renal Fibrosis, and Renal Failure and Uremia is the result of more than 50% kidney fibrosis.
Specialists on Kidney Disease point out that the earlier treatment is taken, the better therapeutic effect can get. The best treating timing is before renal function injury. Renal Failure and Uremia can be avoided completely if cysts of PKD growth can be removed or controlled effectively in the early stage.
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