Some renal disease are inherited from generation to generation. Here are the
typical hereditary renal diseases for your information, including Autosomal
Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Alport Syndrome, Medullary Cystic Disease,
Medullary Sponge Kidney.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (medicine for ADPKD)
Polycystic Kidney Disease is known as numerous kidney cysts on the surface or
inside the kidneys. Over time, the enlarged cysts will put force to nearby
tissues, leading kidney failure.
Cystic disorders account for approximately 11 percent of end-stage kidney
diseases. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease alone accounts for 8-10
percent. The rest (1-3 percent) of the patients who reach dialysis or
transplantation is due to medullary cystic disease, renal-retinal displasia or,
rarely, medullary sponge kidney.
Alport Syndrome
Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease,
hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.
People with Alport syndrome experience progressive loss of kidney function.
Almost all affected individuals have blood in their urine (hematuria), which
indicates abnormal functioning of the kidneys.
Besides, Alport syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 50,000 newborns.
Medullary Cystic Disease
Medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD) is very similar to the childhood
disease familial juvenile nephronophthisis (NPH). Both lead to scarring of the
kidney and fluid-filled cavities (cysts) in the deeper parts of the kidney.
Early in the disease, symptoms may include: Excessive urination (polyuria);
Salt cravings; Urination at night (nocturia); Weakness etc.
The later symptoms may happen, if this Hereditary Renal Diseases can not be
controlled well, such as coma, confusion, fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding,
pale skin, nausea etc.
Medullary sponge kidney
Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder characterized by
malformation of the terminal collecting ducts in the pericalyceal region of the
renal pyramids. This collecting duct dilatation, or ectasia, is associated with
the formation of both small (microscopic) and large medullary cysts that are
often diffuse but do not involve the cortex.
The complications of this Hereditary Renal Disease include renal stones,
Urinary tract infection (UTI), Hematuria, Distal renal tubular acidosis, renal
insufficiency (rarely) etc.
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