Each process dialysis or hemodialysis end after a few hours, the complications associated to the dialysis itself.
(1) imbalance Syndrome: Common in high levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, patients with uremia obvious symptoms, especially prevalent in initial induction of dialysis and dialysis period. The main reason is primarily through urea after some of the substances in the blood and brain tissue between the unequal distribution, the pH balance uneven cause brain edema and cerebral hypoxia, showing through in and through the pain headache, fatigue, malaise, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, sleep disorders, severe cases may have psychosis, epileptic seizures, coma and even death.
(2) Hypotension:
The most common complication of hemodialysis. Causes include effective hypovolemia, ultrafiltration too much too fast, autonomic neuropathy, vasoconstriction decreases levels of atrial natriuretic peptides are too high and the impact of antihypertensive drugs. It is manifested as dizziness, sweating, amaurosis, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pale muscle and even loss of consciousness. The treatment is quick to add volume, while slowing of blood flow, reduction or suspension of ultrafiltration. Preventive measures include pre-dialyzer, blood flow gradually from small to large, using sequential dialysis or dialysis of high sodium, and asked the patient to control weight gain between dialysis to reduce the amount of ultrafiltration.
(3) Hypoxemia: More common in acetate dialysis, its causes and acetate metabolism in the body and lower blood CO2 and HCO3- concentration. Dialysis membrane biocompatibility differences may lead to aggregation of leukocytes affects pulmonary capillary ventilatory function, but also produces a major cause of hypoxemia. But no obvious clinical manifestations, patients original heart and lung disease or the elderly may be symptoms of hypoxia, or even induced angina and myocardial infarction. Treatment nasal cannula can. Preventive measures include: Use dialysis with bicarbonate dialysate with good biocompatibility.
(4) Hemolysis: More dialysate by disorders and malfunction of the dialysis machine caused if permeability low dialysate highest temperature, chlorine and chloramines or nitrate content is too high, the other also is common in the profiled transfusion, etc. residual disinfectant Acute hemolysis in patients with pain of venous blood back, chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath, irritability, may be associated with severe to spasm of the waist and abdomen, severe chills, chills, hypotension, arrhythmia, hemoglobinuria and even coma. Hypotonic dialysate caused by water intoxication can occur simultaneously or cerebral edema. Performance of small and slow for hemolytic anemia will only increase.
(5) Air embolism: As a dialysis machine measures are in perfect control, air embolism occurs rarely, and much more for malfunction or damage pipe.
Once air is over 5 ml may cause symptoms of obvious embolism, the leading cause of stroke when sitting, Supine major cause of acute pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, coronary thrombosis may occur or stroke, physical examination, listening to the sounds of stirring the heart.
(6) Cerebral hemorrhage: Hemodialysis patients with major causes of death. Mainly caused by high blood pressure and anticoagulants patients not on dialysis with similar clinical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhage, treatment is the same.
(7) subdural hematoma: The most common reasons are: Head trauma, anticoagulation, excessive ultrafiltration, high blood pressure etc. The most durable clinical syndrome similar imbalance, but. CT of the head can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is conservative medical treatment, patients in 7-10 days should continue dialysis must dialysis without heparin or peritoneal dialysis.
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