Nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be primary or secondary, and both are characterized by glomerular damage.
Under physiological conditions, the glomerular capillary wall can effectively prevent macromolecular materials such as blood proteins and red blood cells into the renal capsule. While under pathological condition, the filtration barrier is damaged and there will be glomerular proteinuria.
NS pathogenic factors include immune system, environment, heritage etc. Among the immune factor which is the main factor inducing humoral immune including, cellular and immune mechanism in which the intrinsic renal cells are involved.
Before the invention of antibiotics, infection is a major cause of death of NS. The risks of illness and death have been greatly reduced with the understanding NS and its complications.
Cyclosporin has a dual role in treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
1. The immune mechanism. Cyclosporin can inhibit the activation of IL-2 and T lymphocytes selectively and reversibly (the immune reaction is mediated by T cells in the pathogenesis of NS).
2. not immune mechanism. You can help reduce proteinuria by influencing glomerular permeability selectivity including opening, charge selectivity and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
The structure and function of the podocytes is very critical to maintaining normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Synaptopodin is a major skeleton podocyte proteins. Cyclosporin can help reduce degradation and maintain the stability of podocytes and reduce damage.
It has been shown that Cycloporin is effective in alleviating proteinuria and inflammation and is a very necessary for conditions of severe illness immunosuppressant, but the long-term consumption of cycloporin cause a lot of side effects such as moon face, hairiness susceptibility to infections, osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis etc. Therefore patients, especially children should not rely on cycloporin only.
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