The patient's blood and the dialysis solution, while the introduction of the dialyzer (as opposed to the flow direction of both), use of a dialyzer (artificial kidney) a semipermeable membrane, the excessive accumulation of toxins from the blood and excess water removed from the body, complete alkalinity base to correct acidosis, electrolyte imbalance adjustment, replacement renal excretory function.
Hemodialyzer is commonly known as artificial kidney, there is the type of hollow fiber type and plane type coil. The most common is a hollow fiber type, composed of 1 ~ 15,000 hollow fibers, the walls of the hollow fibers are dialysis membranes. Nature has a semi-permeable membrane. When hemodialysis blood flow in each of the hollow fibers, the direction of flow of the blood and dialysate flows in the opposite direction, removing toxic substance through a semipermeable membrane, and the permeate by ultrafiltration to remove the moisture.
Indications and contraindications
Indications for hemodialysis are: ① acute renal failure. ② acute intoxication of drugs or poisons. ③ chronic renal insufficiency. ④ depletion patients renal function before transplantation or after transplantation graft rejection makes no function. ⑤ Other diseases (liver failure, schizophrenia, psoriasis).
Hemodialysis Relative contraindications are: ① Dying, hypotension, shock. ② severe sepsis infection. ③ severe myocardial dysfunction or coronary heart disease. ④ severe bleeding tendency, cerebral hemorrhage and severe anemia. ⑤ psychiatric Author deficient. ⑥ cancer patients.
Typically, patients require dialysis three times a week, once every 4 to 5 hours. Should begin as soon as possible.
Dialysis can correct Due to excessive accumulation of toxins caused by excessive body irreversible organ damage and metabolic disorders when creatinine clearance decreased to 10 ~ 12mL / min should start dialysis. Effect of dialysis patients 15-60 years of age is good and safe, but due to dialysis technology continues to improve and new equipment in emerging dialysis patients older than 70 might obtaining good results.
To guarantee the quality of life of dialysis patients, improve rates of rehabilitation, patients on hemodialysis should ensure that the daily intake of protein from 1.0 to 1.2 g / kg and 146.3 kJ / kg, with an adequate intake of vitamins soluble in water and trace elements to supplement the lost volume dialysis. The 5-year survival in dialysis patients reported in different countries, about 50% to 80%, also reported the survival rate at 10 years over 50%.
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