The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste substances. If kidney failure, waste accumulation in the body, eventually poison the body. Also known as artificial kidney dialysis, hemodialysis (referred to hemodialysis) or also called dialysis. English Hemodialysis hemodialysis, hemo means blood, dialysis Greek, meaning the release of certain substances, the English meaning of dialysis. This is a technology of purifying the blood. In worldwide rely on dialysis to sustain life most 500,000 hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients to relieve symptoms and prolong survival have some meaning.
For medical dialysis divided into two categories: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis (Hemodialysis), popular argument, also known as artificial kidney, renal washing, is a technology for purifying the blood. Your use of the theory of semipermeable membrane, diffusion, convection and body of harmful metabolic waste products and excess excess electrolytes from the body, to achieve the purpose of purifying the blood and absorb water and electrolyte and acid-base remedial purposes balance.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis is peritoneal use as a semi-permeable membrane, using gravity action through the dialysate prepared from the patient's peritoneal cavity dumping, so that the two sides of the difference in concentration gradient peritoneal solute, a high concentration side of low solute concentration side of the mobile (diffuse action) .The part moisture from hypotonic to hypertonic lateral movement (osmosis) .A via fluid replacement continuous peritoneal dialysis, with in order to achieve clear metabolites, toxins and water correction, disorders of electrolyte balance purposes.
The disadvantage of peritoneal dialysis
1. induce infection: As a dedicated peritoneal dialysis catheter is required dialysis bag to replace the liquid, therefore, the possibility of intra-abdominal infection, so priate do anything and peritoneal dialysis related steps, one should thoroughly wash your hands first. For new technologies, the appearance of peritonitis has been greatly reduced.
2. Body weight and triglycerides in the blood increase: Since glucose dialysate used to remove excess water, which can absorb when dialysis of glucose, do patient weight gain, blood triglycerides and other lipids high, so they need proper exercise and reducing sugar intake.
3. Excessive loss of proteins: In the dialysis process leaks some proteins and vitamins, so that the need for dietary supplement. Besides keeping the original normal eating habits, it may be more consumption of some fish, meat, eggs, milk and other high-quality protein, the best source of vitamin are fruits and vegetables supply the body's needs.
Symptoms
1. Arrhythmia: by hypokalemia often cause, the cause of hypokalemia is used mainly potassium dialysate little or no potassium. when hemolysis can produce hyperkalemia and induce arrhythmia, but quite rare. Predialysis patients with digitalis medicines by decreased serum potassium and pH changes, arrhythmias may occur digitalis intoxication.
The prevention and control are: Food controlled potassium diet to prevent hyperkalemia predialysis, dialysis patients stringent restrictions use of digitalis drugs, and the use of potassium> 3.0 mmol / L dialysate. when arrhythmia, can be used when antiarrhythmic drugs, but it is necessary to adjust the dose according to the situation of drug metabolism.
2. pericardial tamponade: In hemodialysis and after penetration occur in a short time hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade is most often based on the original uremic pericarditis, caused due to the application of pericardial bleeding heparin.
The clinical manifestations are: ① Progressive decrease in blood pressure, with signs of shock. ② open jugular vein thick, large liver, rare pulse, elevated central venous pressure. Community ③ heart expand, distant heart sounds. ④ B ultrasound can see a lot of pericardial effusion etc.
Treatment measures: Dialysis dialysis occurred must stop in protamine and heparin, to bridge the observation of changes in condition. Severe symptoms can tamponade pericardiocentesis for drainage or direct surgical decompression decompression drainage. Preventive measures are primarily in patients with suspected uremic pericarditis, pericardial especially precordial sound heard and patients, the use of low molecular weight heparin or heparin-free hemodialysis.
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