Systemic manifestations
Systemic manifestations of lupus nephritis with fever, arthritis and skin damage the mucous membrane is the most common. With the participation of the system there are liver, heart, central nervous system and blood-forming organs, one third of patients have poliserositis (pleura and pericardium) ect. Pulmonary hemorrhage may also be a major manifestations of this disease, Goodpasture there with small vessel vasculitis and phase identification, Raynaud's phenomenon is common in 40% of patients.
Renal manifestations:
① Subclinical or type "silence": No behavior of renal disease, negative urine. But pathological examination often have different degrees of injuries.
② In light type: 30% to 50%, no clinical symptoms, just mild and moderate proteinuria (
③ The type of nephrotic syndrome: About 40% to 60%, showed massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema, occasional high cholesterol, blood pressure have late disease, renal dysfunction, most patients developed renal failure.
④ The type of chronic nephritis: About 35% to 50% have high blood pressure, varying degrees of proteinuria, urine has a large number of red blood cells and tube, more related to renal dysfunction.
⑤ The type of acute nephritis: The demonstrations are the clinical manifestations of acute nephritis.
⑥ Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis type: oliguric acute renal failure appears on the short term. Or for mild converte nephrotic syndrome. Pathology revealed glomerulonephritis.
⑦ Type tubulointerstitial injury: Clinical manifestations is renal tubular acidosis, nocturia, hypertension, urinary β2 - microglobulin increased, half of the patients, the low renal dysfunction.
⑧ Type of antiphospholipid antibodies: The main clinical manifestations is the large and small arterial and venous thrombosis and embolism, and reduce platelet and abortion.
⑨ Type of acute renal failure: acute oliguric renal failure and appears in the short term, pathological manifestations is acute tubular necrosis.
⑩ Type of chronic renal failure: Different degrees of proteinuria, hematuria and edema, renal dysfunction there.
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