It will happen within the kidney renal cysts of various sizes do not communicate with the outside world cystic mass in general, common renal cysts can be divided in diseases of adult polycystic kidney simple renal cysts and acquired renal cysts.
1. Congenital dysplasia bad
Bad congenital dysplasia can productar long illness. For cystic renal disease, the leading cause medullary sponge kidney, polycystic kidney disease, etc dysplasia, congenital anomalies of genes in general, is no exception, so it is with gene or gene mutation is the difference.
2. Genetic Mutation (non-genetic)
For polycystic kidney disease, which mostly through genetic parents, and is divided into autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive, but some patients with polycystic kidney disease and the genetic parents, not in the polycystic renal dysplasia, but the mutations in embryogenesis. In the process of embryo formation, due to various factors, the role of the mutated form of the gene for polycystic kidney disease, although these cases are rare, but may occur, so some patients with polycystic renal parents can no history genetic.
3. Various infections
The infection can abnormal changes of the internal environment, and therefore produce a beneficial gene cystic changing environmental conditions, the cyst activity increased internal factors, as may facilitate the formation of cysts, grow; But any infection anywhere in the body, through the blood to the kidneys which affects cysts, such as cyst infection, in addition to the clinical symptoms intensified, but also promote further accelerate the growth rate of the cyst, and to aggravate renal dysfunction and so on. The most common infections were infections of the upper respiratory tract (including cold), urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal tract, skin infections, trauma, infections, etc. equipment, ie if a bacterial infection or infection viral, which can have a significant impact on the cyst.
4. Toxin
The toxins in the human body, can cause a variety of cellular tissue and organ damage, which occurred in sickness, even death, and also produce mutations, congenital anomalies, as one of the main phenomena. Toxins such as pesticides in common, certain chemicals, radiation, pollution, etc. Interestingly, some drugs also have kidney toxicity if used incorrectly could easily lead to kidney damage, these drugs include: kanamycin, gentamicin, sulfonamides, rifampicin, indomethacin and other drugs, and Marchand son and other traditional Chinese medicine.
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2014年12月31日星期三
Classification and symptoms of kidney dialysis
The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste substances. If kidney failure, waste accumulation in the body, eventually poison the body. Also known as artificial kidney dialysis, hemodialysis (referred to hemodialysis) or also called dialysis. English Hemodialysis hemodialysis, hemo means blood, dialysis Greek, meaning the release of certain substances, the English meaning of dialysis. This is a technology of purifying the blood. In worldwide rely on dialysis to sustain life most 500,000 hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients to relieve symptoms and prolong survival have some meaning.
For medical dialysis divided into two categories: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis (Hemodialysis), popular argument, also known as artificial kidney, renal washing, is a technology for purifying the blood. Your use of the theory of semipermeable membrane, diffusion, convection and body of harmful metabolic waste products and excess excess electrolytes from the body, to achieve the purpose of purifying the blood and absorb water and electrolyte and acid-base remedial purposes balance.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis is peritoneal use as a semi-permeable membrane, using gravity action through the dialysate prepared from the patient's peritoneal cavity dumping, so that the two sides of the difference in concentration gradient peritoneal solute, a high concentration side of low solute concentration side of the mobile (diffuse action) .The part moisture from hypotonic to hypertonic lateral movement (osmosis) .A via fluid replacement continuous peritoneal dialysis, with in order to achieve clear metabolites, toxins and water correction, disorders of electrolyte balance purposes.
The disadvantage of peritoneal dialysis
1. induce infection: As a dedicated peritoneal dialysis catheter is required dialysis bag to replace the liquid, therefore, the possibility of intra-abdominal infection, so priate do anything and peritoneal dialysis related steps, one should thoroughly wash your hands first. For new technologies, the appearance of peritonitis has been greatly reduced.
2. Body weight and triglycerides in the blood increase: Since glucose dialysate used to remove excess water, which can absorb when dialysis of glucose, do patient weight gain, blood triglycerides and other lipids high, so they need proper exercise and reducing sugar intake.
3. Excessive loss of proteins: In the dialysis process leaks some proteins and vitamins, so that the need for dietary supplement. Besides keeping the original normal eating habits, it may be more consumption of some fish, meat, eggs, milk and other high-quality protein, the best source of vitamin are fruits and vegetables supply the body's needs.
Symptoms
1. Arrhythmia: by hypokalemia often cause, the cause of hypokalemia is used mainly potassium dialysate little or no potassium. when hemolysis can produce hyperkalemia and induce arrhythmia, but quite rare. Predialysis patients with digitalis medicines by decreased serum potassium and pH changes, arrhythmias may occur digitalis intoxication.
The prevention and control are: Food controlled potassium diet to prevent hyperkalemia predialysis, dialysis patients stringent restrictions use of digitalis drugs, and the use of potassium> 3.0 mmol / L dialysate. when arrhythmia, can be used when antiarrhythmic drugs, but it is necessary to adjust the dose according to the situation of drug metabolism.
2. pericardial tamponade: In hemodialysis and after penetration occur in a short time hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade is most often based on the original uremic pericarditis, caused due to the application of pericardial bleeding heparin.
The clinical manifestations are: ① Progressive decrease in blood pressure, with signs of shock. ② open jugular vein thick, large liver, rare pulse, elevated central venous pressure. Community ③ heart expand, distant heart sounds. ④ B ultrasound can see a lot of pericardial effusion etc.
Treatment measures: Dialysis dialysis occurred must stop in protamine and heparin, to bridge the observation of changes in condition. Severe symptoms can tamponade pericardiocentesis for drainage or direct surgical decompression decompression drainage. Preventive measures are primarily in patients with suspected uremic pericarditis, pericardial especially precordial sound heard and patients, the use of low molecular weight heparin or heparin-free hemodialysis.
Above mentioned are classifications and symptoms of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
For medical dialysis divided into two categories: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis (Hemodialysis), popular argument, also known as artificial kidney, renal washing, is a technology for purifying the blood. Your use of the theory of semipermeable membrane, diffusion, convection and body of harmful metabolic waste products and excess excess electrolytes from the body, to achieve the purpose of purifying the blood and absorb water and electrolyte and acid-base remedial purposes balance.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis is peritoneal use as a semi-permeable membrane, using gravity action through the dialysate prepared from the patient's peritoneal cavity dumping, so that the two sides of the difference in concentration gradient peritoneal solute, a high concentration side of low solute concentration side of the mobile (diffuse action) .The part moisture from hypotonic to hypertonic lateral movement (osmosis) .A via fluid replacement continuous peritoneal dialysis, with in order to achieve clear metabolites, toxins and water correction, disorders of electrolyte balance purposes.
The disadvantage of peritoneal dialysis
1. induce infection: As a dedicated peritoneal dialysis catheter is required dialysis bag to replace the liquid, therefore, the possibility of intra-abdominal infection, so priate do anything and peritoneal dialysis related steps, one should thoroughly wash your hands first. For new technologies, the appearance of peritonitis has been greatly reduced.
2. Body weight and triglycerides in the blood increase: Since glucose dialysate used to remove excess water, which can absorb when dialysis of glucose, do patient weight gain, blood triglycerides and other lipids high, so they need proper exercise and reducing sugar intake.
3. Excessive loss of proteins: In the dialysis process leaks some proteins and vitamins, so that the need for dietary supplement. Besides keeping the original normal eating habits, it may be more consumption of some fish, meat, eggs, milk and other high-quality protein, the best source of vitamin are fruits and vegetables supply the body's needs.
Symptoms
1. Arrhythmia: by hypokalemia often cause, the cause of hypokalemia is used mainly potassium dialysate little or no potassium. when hemolysis can produce hyperkalemia and induce arrhythmia, but quite rare. Predialysis patients with digitalis medicines by decreased serum potassium and pH changes, arrhythmias may occur digitalis intoxication.
The prevention and control are: Food controlled potassium diet to prevent hyperkalemia predialysis, dialysis patients stringent restrictions use of digitalis drugs, and the use of potassium> 3.0 mmol / L dialysate. when arrhythmia, can be used when antiarrhythmic drugs, but it is necessary to adjust the dose according to the situation of drug metabolism.
2. pericardial tamponade: In hemodialysis and after penetration occur in a short time hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade is most often based on the original uremic pericarditis, caused due to the application of pericardial bleeding heparin.
The clinical manifestations are: ① Progressive decrease in blood pressure, with signs of shock. ② open jugular vein thick, large liver, rare pulse, elevated central venous pressure. Community ③ heart expand, distant heart sounds. ④ B ultrasound can see a lot of pericardial effusion etc.
Treatment measures: Dialysis dialysis occurred must stop in protamine and heparin, to bridge the observation of changes in condition. Severe symptoms can tamponade pericardiocentesis for drainage or direct surgical decompression decompression drainage. Preventive measures are primarily in patients with suspected uremic pericarditis, pericardial especially precordial sound heard and patients, the use of low molecular weight heparin or heparin-free hemodialysis.
Above mentioned are classifications and symptoms of kidney dialysis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The dangers of proteinuria
(1) Proteinuria mesangial toxicity:
In the model of renal failure, can be observed in the whey proteins in glomerular mesangial accumulation in mesangial macromolecules that can cause buildup cell injury, matrix synthesis powers hyperplasia membrane, resulting in glomerulosclerosis. Proteinuria, glomerular nephropathy model density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low (VLDL), apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A deposition of these aggregates over time can lead to glomerulosclerosis.
(2) The cell toxicity action of proximal tubular proteinuria:
When proteinuria, renal tubular epithelial cells in the amount of protein increased, increased lysosomal activity, suggesting that the protein causes lysosomal overflow tubular cell suspension, cell injury can stimulate further inflammation and the formation of scars.
(3) Changes induced tubular proteinuria in cell biology:
Many kidney disease with excessive cell proliferation are proteinuria represents a non-adaptive response, leading to kidney failure. More and more evidence that the protein can be directly conditioned tubule cell function, changing the growth characteristics of cytokines and matrix proteins and their phenotypic expression can lead to a small tube basolateral PDGF release, FN, and MCP-1 induced fibrosis.
(4) The tubulointerstitial hypoxia-induced proteinuria emphasis:
Resorption proteinuria extra energy to digest large quantities of protein, which can cause hypoxia tubule cells, resulting in cellular damage caused by a small tube.
Above mentioned are the dangers of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
In the model of renal failure, can be observed in the whey proteins in glomerular mesangial accumulation in mesangial macromolecules that can cause buildup cell injury, matrix synthesis powers hyperplasia membrane, resulting in glomerulosclerosis. Proteinuria, glomerular nephropathy model density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low (VLDL), apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A deposition of these aggregates over time can lead to glomerulosclerosis.
(2) The cell toxicity action of proximal tubular proteinuria:
When proteinuria, renal tubular epithelial cells in the amount of protein increased, increased lysosomal activity, suggesting that the protein causes lysosomal overflow tubular cell suspension, cell injury can stimulate further inflammation and the formation of scars.
(3) Changes induced tubular proteinuria in cell biology:
Many kidney disease with excessive cell proliferation are proteinuria represents a non-adaptive response, leading to kidney failure. More and more evidence that the protein can be directly conditioned tubule cell function, changing the growth characteristics of cytokines and matrix proteins and their phenotypic expression can lead to a small tube basolateral PDGF release, FN, and MCP-1 induced fibrosis.
(4) The tubulointerstitial hypoxia-induced proteinuria emphasis:
Resorption proteinuria extra energy to digest large quantities of protein, which can cause hypoxia tubule cells, resulting in cellular damage caused by a small tube.
Above mentioned are the dangers of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月30日星期二
General treatment and symptomatic treatment of nephrotic syndrome
General treatment
Patients have severe edema, hypoalbuminemia require bed rest. The edema disappeared, the general situation improves, can receive up activities.
Given the normal amount of 0.8 ~ 1.0 g / (kg · d) high-quality protein (rich in essential amino acids based animal protein) diet. To ensure adequate per day per kilogram of body weight calories should be less than 30 ~ 35kcal. Despite the large number of patients with urinary protein loss, but because of the diet increased glomerular filtration high in protein, may aggravate kidney disease proteinuria and promote progress, it is now generally do not advocate the application.
When edema should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet. To reduce hyperlipidemia, feed rich in saturated fatty acids should be less (animal fat) diet and eating foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as vegetable oil, fish oil), and rich in soluble fiber (such as beans) diet .
Symptomatic treatment
1. Diuretic swelling
(1) thiazide diuretics: Important role in medullary thick ascending limb loop segment and anterior distal convoluted tubule, by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, potassium excretion increased diuresis. The long-term use should prevent hypokalemia, hyponatremia.
(2) Retention of potassium-sparing diuretics: Important role in the distal convoluted tubule of the posterior segment, natriuresis, row of chlorine, but retain potassium for patients with hypokalemia. When used alone, a diuretic effect was not significant, with thiazide diuretics. Common triamterene or aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. The long-term use is necessary to prevent hyperkalemia should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
(3) Loop diuretics: lMPORTANT role in the ascending limb of the loop core sodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption has a potent inhibitory effect. Common furosemide (Lasix) and bumetanide (d urinary amine) (equivalent to the dose of furosemide role more than 40 times), sorted by mouth or intravenously. Osmotic diuretics administered in immediately after application, the better. Application of loop diuretics is required to protect against hyponatremia and hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis occurs.
(4) Osmotic Diuretics: Through a transient increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, can cause tissue moisture into the bloodstream. They are also through glomerular filtration, resulting in a tubular inner solution hyperosmolar state, reduce water and sodium reabsorption and diuretic. 40 used without dextran sodium (low molecular weight dextran) or starch plasma generation (plasma 706) (molecular weight was 25000 ~ 45000) intravenously. Followed by the addition of loop diuretics may enhance the diuretic effect. But for oliguria (urine output <400 mL / d) should be used with caution in patients with these drugs, because of its easy and tubular secretion Tamm-Horsfall protein and glomerular filtration of albumin to form tubes, tubular obstruction and for his leadership role in hypertonic degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and induced necrosis "osmotic nephrosis", leading to acute renal failure.
(5) Increase the plasma colloid osmotic pressure of plasma or plasma albumin infusion: All may increase the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, and promote tissue back to the absorption of moisture and a diuretic such as furosemide glucose solution and then intravenously slowly, sometimes you can get a good diuretic effect. But because of the entry of the protein are within 24 to 48 hours is excreted in the urine, can cause glomerular and tubular filtration high metabolism, resulting in visceral glomerular lesion of tubular epithelial cells, promote renal interstitial fibrosis technology, light effect of glucocorticoid treatment, delaying remission, severe cases can damage kidney function. Should be strictly controlled, severe hypoproteinemia, edema, but very oliguria (urine output <400 mL / d) of NS patients, the case must be considered diuretic use, but also to avoid the too frequent excessive. Use cautiously in patients with heart failure.
NS patients on diuretics principle is not too much too fast to avoid hypovolemia, increased blood clotting tends to induce thrombosis, embolism complications.
Reduce urinary protein
persistent proteinuria itself can cause high glomerular filtration, tubular aggravation - interstitial injury, promote glomerular sclerosis, glomerular disease, affects an important prognostic factor. Has been shown to reduce urinary protein can effectively retard deterioration of renal function.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) plus effectively control hypertension, but may be by reducing glomerular pressure and glomerular basement membrane to the direct impact of high permeability molecule, can not rely on systemic blood pressure lowering effect of reducing urinary protein. Or ARB with ACEI reduce urinary protein, usually the dose should be used in large doses than conventional blood pressure in order to obtain a good effect.
Above mentioned are general treatment and symptomatic treatment of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Patients have severe edema, hypoalbuminemia require bed rest. The edema disappeared, the general situation improves, can receive up activities.
Given the normal amount of 0.8 ~ 1.0 g / (kg · d) high-quality protein (rich in essential amino acids based animal protein) diet. To ensure adequate per day per kilogram of body weight calories should be less than 30 ~ 35kcal. Despite the large number of patients with urinary protein loss, but because of the diet increased glomerular filtration high in protein, may aggravate kidney disease proteinuria and promote progress, it is now generally do not advocate the application.
When edema should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet. To reduce hyperlipidemia, feed rich in saturated fatty acids should be less (animal fat) diet and eating foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as vegetable oil, fish oil), and rich in soluble fiber (such as beans) diet .
Symptomatic treatment
1. Diuretic swelling
(1) thiazide diuretics: Important role in medullary thick ascending limb loop segment and anterior distal convoluted tubule, by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, potassium excretion increased diuresis. The long-term use should prevent hypokalemia, hyponatremia.
(2) Retention of potassium-sparing diuretics: Important role in the distal convoluted tubule of the posterior segment, natriuresis, row of chlorine, but retain potassium for patients with hypokalemia. When used alone, a diuretic effect was not significant, with thiazide diuretics. Common triamterene or aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. The long-term use is necessary to prevent hyperkalemia should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
(3) Loop diuretics: lMPORTANT role in the ascending limb of the loop core sodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption has a potent inhibitory effect. Common furosemide (Lasix) and bumetanide (d urinary amine) (equivalent to the dose of furosemide role more than 40 times), sorted by mouth or intravenously. Osmotic diuretics administered in immediately after application, the better. Application of loop diuretics is required to protect against hyponatremia and hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis occurs.
(4) Osmotic Diuretics: Through a transient increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, can cause tissue moisture into the bloodstream. They are also through glomerular filtration, resulting in a tubular inner solution hyperosmolar state, reduce water and sodium reabsorption and diuretic. 40 used without dextran sodium (low molecular weight dextran) or starch plasma generation (plasma 706) (molecular weight was 25000 ~ 45000) intravenously. Followed by the addition of loop diuretics may enhance the diuretic effect. But for oliguria (urine output <400 mL / d) should be used with caution in patients with these drugs, because of its easy and tubular secretion Tamm-Horsfall protein and glomerular filtration of albumin to form tubes, tubular obstruction and for his leadership role in hypertonic degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and induced necrosis "osmotic nephrosis", leading to acute renal failure.
(5) Increase the plasma colloid osmotic pressure of plasma or plasma albumin infusion: All may increase the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, and promote tissue back to the absorption of moisture and a diuretic such as furosemide glucose solution and then intravenously slowly, sometimes you can get a good diuretic effect. But because of the entry of the protein are within 24 to 48 hours is excreted in the urine, can cause glomerular and tubular filtration high metabolism, resulting in visceral glomerular lesion of tubular epithelial cells, promote renal interstitial fibrosis technology, light effect of glucocorticoid treatment, delaying remission, severe cases can damage kidney function. Should be strictly controlled, severe hypoproteinemia, edema, but very oliguria (urine output <400 mL / d) of NS patients, the case must be considered diuretic use, but also to avoid the too frequent excessive. Use cautiously in patients with heart failure.
NS patients on diuretics principle is not too much too fast to avoid hypovolemia, increased blood clotting tends to induce thrombosis, embolism complications.
Reduce urinary protein
persistent proteinuria itself can cause high glomerular filtration, tubular aggravation - interstitial injury, promote glomerular sclerosis, glomerular disease, affects an important prognostic factor. Has been shown to reduce urinary protein can effectively retard deterioration of renal function.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) plus effectively control hypertension, but may be by reducing glomerular pressure and glomerular basement membrane to the direct impact of high permeability molecule, can not rely on systemic blood pressure lowering effect of reducing urinary protein. Or ARB with ACEI reduce urinary protein, usually the dose should be used in large doses than conventional blood pressure in order to obtain a good effect.
Above mentioned are general treatment and symptomatic treatment of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Prevention of complications of nephrotic syndrome
NS complications is an important factor affecting prognosis and long-term patients, should actively monitor.
1. Infection
Usually in hormone therapy without antibiotics to prevent infection, if not prophylactically only achieve, but can induce fungal superinfection. Once infected, the timely use of sensitive pathogens, potent nephrotoxic antibiotics and no active treatment, there is a clear focus of infection should be removed as soon as possible. Reduction should be considered in severe infections difficult to control or disable the hormone, subject to the specific circumstances of the patient decide.
2. Complications of thrombotic and embolic
Generally, when the serum albumin of less than 20 g / L (idiopathic membranous nephropathy is less than 25 g / L) anticoagulant therapy may be administered heparin (LMWH can also be used) or subcutaneous injection oral.La warfarin anticoagulation can complement both antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or dipyridamole produced via oral.Se thrombosis, embolism, as soon as possible (within 6 hours of the best, but still expected in 3 valid days) give urokinase systemic or local or streptokinase thrombolysis, with anticoagulant therapy, anticoagulation must be consistently applied generally over six months. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics should avoid overdoses cause bleeding.
3. Acute renal failure
NS concurrent acute renal failure can there be life threatening if not handled properly, if given the proper and timely treatment, it is expected that most patients recover. It may take the following measures:
(1) Loop diuretics: Still valid for loop diuretics should be greater quantities than seek the renal tubular obstruction.
(2) Hemodialysis: Diuretic is invalid, and has come to the indications for dialysis, hemodialysis should be given in order to sustain life, and supplementary products suitable plasma after dehydration, to reduce edema renal interstitial.
(3) The treatment of the primary disease: Due to its pathological type more are minimal change nephropathy, should be actively treated.
(4) alkaline urine: Alkaline sodium bicarbonate in the urine can be taken orally to reduce tube formation.
4. Disorder protein and fat metabolism
Before referral NS is often difficult to fully correct before metabolic disorders, but the diet should be adjusted to the amount of fat and protein and structure, and strive to reduce the influence of metabolic disturbances to a minimum. Currently, many drugs available for the treatment of metabolic protein and fat metabolism. As ACEI receptor antagonists and angiotensin Ⅱ can reduce proteinuria, some studies suggest that astragalus may promote liver synthesis of albumin, and can therefore reduce the role of hyperlipidemia. cholesterol lowering agents can choose based cholesterol lowering hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, such as lovastatin and other statins, clofibrate or lower triglycerides based on categories such as fenofibrate and so on. NS remission natural ease hyperlipidemia is no need to continue drug treatment.
Above is preventing complications of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Infection
Usually in hormone therapy without antibiotics to prevent infection, if not prophylactically only achieve, but can induce fungal superinfection. Once infected, the timely use of sensitive pathogens, potent nephrotoxic antibiotics and no active treatment, there is a clear focus of infection should be removed as soon as possible. Reduction should be considered in severe infections difficult to control or disable the hormone, subject to the specific circumstances of the patient decide.
2. Complications of thrombotic and embolic
Generally, when the serum albumin of less than 20 g / L (idiopathic membranous nephropathy is less than 25 g / L) anticoagulant therapy may be administered heparin (LMWH can also be used) or subcutaneous injection oral.La warfarin anticoagulation can complement both antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or dipyridamole produced via oral.Se thrombosis, embolism, as soon as possible (within 6 hours of the best, but still expected in 3 valid days) give urokinase systemic or local or streptokinase thrombolysis, with anticoagulant therapy, anticoagulation must be consistently applied generally over six months. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics should avoid overdoses cause bleeding.
3. Acute renal failure
NS concurrent acute renal failure can there be life threatening if not handled properly, if given the proper and timely treatment, it is expected that most patients recover. It may take the following measures:
(1) Loop diuretics: Still valid for loop diuretics should be greater quantities than seek the renal tubular obstruction.
(2) Hemodialysis: Diuretic is invalid, and has come to the indications for dialysis, hemodialysis should be given in order to sustain life, and supplementary products suitable plasma after dehydration, to reduce edema renal interstitial.
(3) The treatment of the primary disease: Due to its pathological type more are minimal change nephropathy, should be actively treated.
(4) alkaline urine: Alkaline sodium bicarbonate in the urine can be taken orally to reduce tube formation.
4. Disorder protein and fat metabolism
Before referral NS is often difficult to fully correct before metabolic disorders, but the diet should be adjusted to the amount of fat and protein and structure, and strive to reduce the influence of metabolic disturbances to a minimum. Currently, many drugs available for the treatment of metabolic protein and fat metabolism. As ACEI receptor antagonists and angiotensin Ⅱ can reduce proteinuria, some studies suggest that astragalus may promote liver synthesis of albumin, and can therefore reduce the role of hyperlipidemia. cholesterol lowering agents can choose based cholesterol lowering hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, such as lovastatin and other statins, clofibrate or lower triglycerides based on categories such as fenofibrate and so on. NS remission natural ease hyperlipidemia is no need to continue drug treatment.
Above is preventing complications of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Hazards dialysis
Experts point out that kidney dialysis is hemodialysis, hemodialysis solute through a semipermeable membrane from a high concentration of the solution under the concentration address. Including hemodialysis solute movement and the movement of water, making hemodialysis blood metabolic waste and excess electrolyte fluid moves dialysis. Hemodialysis can be a mixture of albumin and urea in the dialyzer, excreted by artificial means, to achieve an equilibrium state of the body.
Dialysis is the human body can not metabolize substances through the function of the organs of the State to achieve balance in the body, people once kidney damage, endocrine disorders of the body will, until renal dysfunction will be used in dialysis, dialysis for kidney patients is a straightforward solution to get rid of pain, can slow life. But in many benefits for the human body will be under the dangers often inevitable: why does no harm kidney dialysis?
1. Dialysis long term, will produce dependency. Only kidney dialysis treatment in an auxiliary tool, only pain relief as soon as possible and not be able to dig up the roots, dialysis time, the body will produce dependence, long have side effects on the body human.
2. Renal Dialysis can save lives, but can not cure. Dialysis appropriate rapid detox toxins may dialysis and serious complications following the passage of time will be deadly.
3. Kidney dialysis delay, the time of treatment was lost. If after renal dialysis gradually began to be used not much time will be completely destroyed, there is no way that re-treatment time and repair.
4. It causes gradual loss of kidney disease dialysis renal disease. To rely solely on the patient if the long-term dialysis, renal function will be because the only long-term disuse atrophy, scrap, and after dialysis no longer fertile.
The above is a brief introduction. if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Dialysis is the human body can not metabolize substances through the function of the organs of the State to achieve balance in the body, people once kidney damage, endocrine disorders of the body will, until renal dysfunction will be used in dialysis, dialysis for kidney patients is a straightforward solution to get rid of pain, can slow life. But in many benefits for the human body will be under the dangers often inevitable: why does no harm kidney dialysis?
1. Dialysis long term, will produce dependency. Only kidney dialysis treatment in an auxiliary tool, only pain relief as soon as possible and not be able to dig up the roots, dialysis time, the body will produce dependence, long have side effects on the body human.
2. Renal Dialysis can save lives, but can not cure. Dialysis appropriate rapid detox toxins may dialysis and serious complications following the passage of time will be deadly.
3. Kidney dialysis delay, the time of treatment was lost. If after renal dialysis gradually began to be used not much time will be completely destroyed, there is no way that re-treatment time and repair.
4. It causes gradual loss of kidney disease dialysis renal disease. To rely solely on the patient if the long-term dialysis, renal function will be because the only long-term disuse atrophy, scrap, and after dialysis no longer fertile.
The above is a brief introduction. if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure
Acute renal failure is a syndrome. For a variety of reasons cause, glomerular filtration rate decreased rapidly below 50% of normal, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased rapidly and cause water substance disorders and disorders of acid-power balance base and symptoms of acute uremia. Acute renal failure is observed in disease subjects, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure are different, such as early diagnosis and timely rescue, renal function is fully restored, such as delayed treatment may be fatal . The prognosis of the primary disease, age, diagnosis and treatment sooner or later, if you want to combine multiple organ failure, and other factors.
Clinical manifestations
1. Oliguria: (1) Three low (sodium, calcium, reduced pH), three high (potassium, phosphorus, creatinine increased), edema (2) uremic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, difficulty. breathing, coughing, chest pain, hypertension, heart failure, drowsiness, mental confusion, tremors and epileptic seizures, anemia and bleeding tendency etc. (3) Infection according to the site of infection to produce symptoms.
2. The time of much urine: The function of the kidneys failed to restore, blood urea and creatinine continues to rise, and prone to dehydration, infection, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding etc.
3. Convalescence: blood urea nitrogen and creatinine near normal, urine output gradually returned to normal, the role of glomerular filtration rate in 3-12 months more back to normal.
Differential Diagnosis
based diagnosis
1. There shock or hemolysis, drug toxicity or intravascular allergies.
2. By correcting or exclude acute hypovolemia, dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, urine remains ≤ 17 / ml / hu urine remains ≤ 400 / ml / 24h.
3. Specific gravity of urine in 1015 or less, and even set to 1,010.
4. Abrupt onset and increasing azotemia.
5. The urine osmolality <350mOsm / Kg.H2O, urinary sodium> 40 mmol / L.
6. Except prerenal and postrenal azotemia little or no urine.
Above mentioned are the clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave message below!
Clinical manifestations
1. Oliguria: (1) Three low (sodium, calcium, reduced pH), three high (potassium, phosphorus, creatinine increased), edema (2) uremic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, difficulty. breathing, coughing, chest pain, hypertension, heart failure, drowsiness, mental confusion, tremors and epileptic seizures, anemia and bleeding tendency etc. (3) Infection according to the site of infection to produce symptoms.
2. The time of much urine: The function of the kidneys failed to restore, blood urea and creatinine continues to rise, and prone to dehydration, infection, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal bleeding etc.
3. Convalescence: blood urea nitrogen and creatinine near normal, urine output gradually returned to normal, the role of glomerular filtration rate in 3-12 months more back to normal.
Differential Diagnosis
based diagnosis
1. There shock or hemolysis, drug toxicity or intravascular allergies.
2. By correcting or exclude acute hypovolemia, dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, urine remains ≤ 17 / ml / hu urine remains ≤ 400 / ml / 24h.
3. Specific gravity of urine in 1015 or less, and even set to 1,010.
4. Abrupt onset and increasing azotemia.
5. The urine osmolality <350mOsm / Kg.H2O, urinary sodium> 40 mmol / L.
6. Except prerenal and postrenal azotemia little or no urine.
Above mentioned are the clinical features and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave message below!
Inspections of chronic renal failure
1. Laboratory tests commonly used
Projects include urinalysis, renal function, urinary protein of 24 hours, glucose, uric acid, lipids etc, and serum electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg etc), analysis of arterial blood gases, renal imaging etc.
Check the function of glomerular filtration of the main methods are: serum creatinine (Scr), the rate of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and other radionuclides measured GFR etc. The normal value Ccr: 90 ± 10 ml / min. For different groups of people, their values, Scr, Ccr may differ significantly, doctors have to judge correctly.
2. The imaging inspection
Generally only the B-mode ultrasound to exclude stones, renal tuberculosis, renal cystic disease. Some special cases can be made radionuclide renography, intravenous urography, renal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Renogram examination of acute and chronic renal failure in the differential diagnosis useful. As the results showed kidneys segment renogram vessel segment discharge the functions of excretion are poor, they are not generally indicative of CRF, as diagram kidney showed better renal vascular segment, excretory functions poorly, was "obstructive" (parabolic) are generally indicative of acute renal failure exists.
Above mentioned are the inspections of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Projects include urinalysis, renal function, urinary protein of 24 hours, glucose, uric acid, lipids etc, and serum electrolytes (K, Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg etc), analysis of arterial blood gases, renal imaging etc.
Check the function of glomerular filtration of the main methods are: serum creatinine (Scr), the rate of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and other radionuclides measured GFR etc. The normal value Ccr: 90 ± 10 ml / min. For different groups of people, their values, Scr, Ccr may differ significantly, doctors have to judge correctly.
2. The imaging inspection
Generally only the B-mode ultrasound to exclude stones, renal tuberculosis, renal cystic disease. Some special cases can be made radionuclide renography, intravenous urography, renal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Renogram examination of acute and chronic renal failure in the differential diagnosis useful. As the results showed kidneys segment renogram vessel segment discharge the functions of excretion are poor, they are not generally indicative of CRF, as diagram kidney showed better renal vascular segment, excretory functions poorly, was "obstructive" (parabolic) are generally indicative of acute renal failure exists.
Above mentioned are the inspections of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure
1. Prerenal acute renal failure
Since prerenal factors make the effective circulating blood volume decreases renal blood flow, induced renal dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion renal blood flow. Reduced glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular urea nitrogen, water and sodium reabsorption relative increase in blood urea nitrogen patients increased, decreased urine output, specific gravity of urine increased. Prerenal acute renal failure in patients with glomerular and tubular structure remains intact when it returned to normal renal perfusion, glomerular filtration rate also restored. But severe or persistent can prerenal renal hypoperfusion developed acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis.
(1) Effective hypovolemia: ① Bleeding: trauma, surgery, postpartum, digestive system etc. ② digestive loss, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal decompression etc. Diuretics ③ missing kidney, diabetic acidosis etc. ④ Loss of skin and mucous membranes, burns, fever etc. ⑤ The third compartment lost crush syndrome, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia low albumin etc.
(2) Reduction of cardiac output: include congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, severe arrhythmia.
(3) Systemic vasodilatation: sepsis, hepatic failure, allergic reactions, drugs (antihypertensive drugs, anesthetics etc.).
(4) Renal vasoconstriction: drug application norepinephrine, hepatorenal syndrome.
(5) Hemodynamic Changes affecting renal drugs: inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Post-renal acute renal failure
(1) Ureteral obstruction: ① Lock cavity: Crystals (uric acid etc), stones, blood clots etc. ② extraluminal obstruction: The retroperitoneal fibrosis, tumor, hematoma etc.
(2) Bladder neck obstruction: An enlarged prostate, bladder neck fibrosis, neurogenic bladder, prostate cancer etc.
(3) Obstruction urethral stricture etc.
3. Prerenal acute renal failure
(1) Renal tubular disease: Acute tubular necrosis most common. The etiologies include renal ischemia and renal toxicity. ① renal ischemia: prerenal acute renal failure of unknown cause. ② Renal poisoning: Common Toxic renal, such as drugs, contrast agents, heavy metals, biological toxins, organic solvents, myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, protein light chain, hypercalcemia etc.
(2) Glomerular Diseases: How rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis etc.
(3) Acute interstitial nephritis: acute nephritis (allergic) drug-induced interstitial, sepsis, severe infection, etc.
(4) Renal microvascular disease: necrotizing vasculitis primary or secondary malignant hypertension, kidney damage.
(5) Acute renal macrovascular disease: renal artery thrombosis / renal vein or bilateral or unilateral renal cholesterol crystal embolism, bleeding aneurysm, ruptured renal artery.
(6) Some chronic kidney disease: The worsening of chronic renal failure in promoting factors, leading to chronic renal failure, acute renal failure with acute exacerbation of clinical manifestations.
Above is the differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Since prerenal factors make the effective circulating blood volume decreases renal blood flow, induced renal dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion renal blood flow. Reduced glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular urea nitrogen, water and sodium reabsorption relative increase in blood urea nitrogen patients increased, decreased urine output, specific gravity of urine increased. Prerenal acute renal failure in patients with glomerular and tubular structure remains intact when it returned to normal renal perfusion, glomerular filtration rate also restored. But severe or persistent can prerenal renal hypoperfusion developed acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis.
(1) Effective hypovolemia: ① Bleeding: trauma, surgery, postpartum, digestive system etc. ② digestive loss, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal decompression etc. Diuretics ③ missing kidney, diabetic acidosis etc. ④ Loss of skin and mucous membranes, burns, fever etc. ⑤ The third compartment lost crush syndrome, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia low albumin etc.
(2) Reduction of cardiac output: include congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, severe arrhythmia.
(3) Systemic vasodilatation: sepsis, hepatic failure, allergic reactions, drugs (antihypertensive drugs, anesthetics etc.).
(4) Renal vasoconstriction: drug application norepinephrine, hepatorenal syndrome.
(5) Hemodynamic Changes affecting renal drugs: inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. Post-renal acute renal failure
(1) Ureteral obstruction: ① Lock cavity: Crystals (uric acid etc), stones, blood clots etc. ② extraluminal obstruction: The retroperitoneal fibrosis, tumor, hematoma etc.
(2) Bladder neck obstruction: An enlarged prostate, bladder neck fibrosis, neurogenic bladder, prostate cancer etc.
(3) Obstruction urethral stricture etc.
3. Prerenal acute renal failure
(1) Renal tubular disease: Acute tubular necrosis most common. The etiologies include renal ischemia and renal toxicity. ① renal ischemia: prerenal acute renal failure of unknown cause. ② Renal poisoning: Common Toxic renal, such as drugs, contrast agents, heavy metals, biological toxins, organic solvents, myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, protein light chain, hypercalcemia etc.
(2) Glomerular Diseases: How rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis etc.
(3) Acute interstitial nephritis: acute nephritis (allergic) drug-induced interstitial, sepsis, severe infection, etc.
(4) Renal microvascular disease: necrotizing vasculitis primary or secondary malignant hypertension, kidney damage.
(5) Acute renal macrovascular disease: renal artery thrombosis / renal vein or bilateral or unilateral renal cholesterol crystal embolism, bleeding aneurysm, ruptured renal artery.
(6) Some chronic kidney disease: The worsening of chronic renal failure in promoting factors, leading to chronic renal failure, acute renal failure with acute exacerbation of clinical manifestations.
Above is the differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月27日星期六
The cause of chronic renal failure
Chronic renal failure is a progressive renal disease, especially the final result, so the cause of chronic renal failure varied, common causes are:
① chronic glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative membrane; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, etc;
② kidney damage caused by metabolic disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis, etc;
③ vascular nephropathy, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis;
④ hereditary kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome;
⑤ infectious renal disease, such as chronic pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis;
⑥ systemic diseases such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma;
⑦ toxic nephropathy, such as analgesic nephropathy, kidney disease and other toxic heavy metals;
⑧ obstructive nephropathy, such as ureteral obstruction; reflux nephropathy, stones in the urinary tract and so on.
In addition, about 6% -9% of patients is difficult to determine the cause. According to foreign studies have shown that in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients, representing the first one is diabetic nephropathy, approximately 27.7% The second is the hypertensive renal damage, which represent 22.7%, chronic glomerulonephritis third, which is about 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24 0.5% .China is currently still no cause chronic renal failure, survey data on a large scale, from clinical experience, our cause of chronic renal failure is still dominated chronic glomerulonephritis, followed by interstitial disease. In recent years due to changes in lifestyle, resulting prevalence of the disease in a significant increase in our country increased, diabetes and hypertension caused by chronic renal failure also significantly increased the number of patients, this trend should bring the attention of the doctor.
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① chronic glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative membrane; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, etc;
② kidney damage caused by metabolic disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis, etc;
③ vascular nephropathy, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis;
④ hereditary kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome;
⑤ infectious renal disease, such as chronic pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis;
⑥ systemic diseases such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma;
⑦ toxic nephropathy, such as analgesic nephropathy, kidney disease and other toxic heavy metals;
⑧ obstructive nephropathy, such as ureteral obstruction; reflux nephropathy, stones in the urinary tract and so on.
In addition, about 6% -9% of patients is difficult to determine the cause. According to foreign studies have shown that in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients, representing the first one is diabetic nephropathy, approximately 27.7% The second is the hypertensive renal damage, which represent 22.7%, chronic glomerulonephritis third, which is about 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24 0.5% .China is currently still no cause chronic renal failure, survey data on a large scale, from clinical experience, our cause of chronic renal failure is still dominated chronic glomerulonephritis, followed by interstitial disease. In recent years due to changes in lifestyle, resulting prevalence of the disease in a significant increase in our country increased, diabetes and hypertension caused by chronic renal failure also significantly increased the number of patients, this trend should bring the attention of the doctor.
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Diet for chronic kidney disease
If you suffer from chronic renal kidney failure in a regular hospital for treatment after a reasonable must do so from the basic life care disease Diet is a major, then? What type of diet should be what is reasonable? Here are the details of the nephrologist for you:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible disease that has no cure, patients with advanced depend on dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life, early patient treatment aimed at controlling the rate of disease progression, time delay dialysis soon. The diet therapy is a non-dialysis stage of deterioration of renal function is very important for effective action.
1. Patients conIRCson usually accompanied by edema and hypertension should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet, severe oliguria edema, should limit the intake of water and potassium foods (longan, white fungus, sesame, etc)
2. Patients with CKD not on dialysis, you should give a low protein diet to reduce metabolites (blood urea nitrogen) source, reduce the load on the kidneys, reducing the rate of deterioration of renal function. Protein intake should be based on reasonable adjustments for renal impairment. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases 50 ml / min or less, should be carried out when adequate protein restriction (0.6g / kg) to meet the basic needs of the body's physiology without malnutrition. GFR <10 ml / min, which is the uremia, the protein must be strictly limited to 20 g / d, GFR> 20 ml / min, could add 5 g / d. And require more than 60% of high quality protein, essential amino acids containing animal proteins such as eggs, milk, meat origin and thus prevent low on.For protein malnutrition caused, can be added with essential amino acids and preparation mixed α-keto acid α-keto acid itself does not contain nitrogen, ammonia in the body with the essential amino acids combine to form the corresponding (EAA), EAA in the process of protein synthesis can use part of the urea, that can reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen, improves symptoms of uremia.
3. High calorie intake: Adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, to supply the body with enough heat to provide heat to prevent decomposition of proteins, reducing protein intake. For proper calorie intake, you can eat more margarine, vegetable oil and sugar. Food should be rich in vitamin B, C, folic acid, also give oral tablets.
4. Patients with CKD often have high phosphorus, hypocalcemia, easily lead to renal osteodystrophy, should be taken to limit phosphorus diet (containing 15 mg of protein per gram of phosphorus, limiting protein intake also limits the intake of phosphorus) and use of intestinal phosphate binders. It should be added calcium, every day should complement 1000 ~ 1500 mg, such as calcium carbonate, calcium supplements can not only correct the acidosis is phosphorus binders.
5. Patients with CKD on dialysis and do not need strict dietary restrictions, but should be according to height, weight, dialysis, frequency of dialysis and urine tests to develop your own diet program.
This is introduced prior knowledge of chronic renal failure diet nephrologist care, I hope my friends can pay attention to the patient as soon as possible to correct their mistakes diet, I wish you a speedy recovery!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is mailto: enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible disease that has no cure, patients with advanced depend on dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life, early patient treatment aimed at controlling the rate of disease progression, time delay dialysis soon. The diet therapy is a non-dialysis stage of deterioration of renal function is very important for effective action.
1. Patients conIRCson usually accompanied by edema and hypertension should be low in salt (<3 g / d) diet, severe oliguria edema, should limit the intake of water and potassium foods (longan, white fungus, sesame, etc)
2. Patients with CKD not on dialysis, you should give a low protein diet to reduce metabolites (blood urea nitrogen) source, reduce the load on the kidneys, reducing the rate of deterioration of renal function. Protein intake should be based on reasonable adjustments for renal impairment. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases 50 ml / min or less, should be carried out when adequate protein restriction (0.6g / kg) to meet the basic needs of the body's physiology without malnutrition. GFR <10 ml / min, which is the uremia, the protein must be strictly limited to 20 g / d, GFR> 20 ml / min, could add 5 g / d. And require more than 60% of high quality protein, essential amino acids containing animal proteins such as eggs, milk, meat origin and thus prevent low on.For protein malnutrition caused, can be added with essential amino acids and preparation mixed α-keto acid α-keto acid itself does not contain nitrogen, ammonia in the body with the essential amino acids combine to form the corresponding (EAA), EAA in the process of protein synthesis can use part of the urea, that can reduce the levels of blood urea nitrogen, improves symptoms of uremia.
3. High calorie intake: Adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, to supply the body with enough heat to provide heat to prevent decomposition of proteins, reducing protein intake. For proper calorie intake, you can eat more margarine, vegetable oil and sugar. Food should be rich in vitamin B, C, folic acid, also give oral tablets.
4. Patients with CKD often have high phosphorus, hypocalcemia, easily lead to renal osteodystrophy, should be taken to limit phosphorus diet (containing 15 mg of protein per gram of phosphorus, limiting protein intake also limits the intake of phosphorus) and use of intestinal phosphate binders. It should be added calcium, every day should complement 1000 ~ 1500 mg, such as calcium carbonate, calcium supplements can not only correct the acidosis is phosphorus binders.
5. Patients with CKD on dialysis and do not need strict dietary restrictions, but should be according to height, weight, dialysis, frequency of dialysis and urine tests to develop your own diet program.
This is introduced prior knowledge of chronic renal failure diet nephrologist care, I hope my friends can pay attention to the patient as soon as possible to correct their mistakes diet, I wish you a speedy recovery!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is mailto: enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Kidney failure nursing
Patients with renal impairment in food what should pay attention to? First in the nececita protein attention.
Food renal care to pay attention to protein intake, water intake, salt intake, caloric intake, intake of potassium ions, etc. Scientific and reasonable food is crucial for kidney patients.
Patients with renal failure, the need to restrict protein intake in order to reduce the burden on the kidneys, but if you eat large and small, use of the body's muscles and internal organs, so you have to eat adequately and sufficiently "quantity" and protein "quality", the amount per kg of body weight per day should be 1 to 1.2 grams, consumption of high quality and high biological value protein foods of animal origin, such as milk, eggs, meat.
When renal failure and decreased urine output, water accumulates in the body, which increases the load on the cardiovascular system, which, devitalized, edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath, lay , hematocrit (Hct) was reduced, and hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis and dialysis due to dehydration drama, prone to headaches, ah, vomiting, muscle cramps imbalance syndrome.
Kidney failure can not be discharged from the water, salt, easily lead to edema and increased blood pressure. Patients should not eat more than a day five grams of salt. 1 gram (1/5 tea soup) salt = 6/5 = 1 tea soup soup soy sauce MSG, so the above seasoning contains no added salt arbitrarily can use sugar, onion, ginger , garlic, etc., to improve the taste.
Diet careful in limiting protein intake, in order to avoid lack of calorie intake will increase the generation of nitrogenous waste, renal failure can eat a very low calorie high protein foods to supplement. Vegetable oils (such as soybean, peanut oil), low protein starch (eg Cheng powder, white powder, lotus root starch,) and carbohydrates (for example, sugar, honey, sweet ginger, sugar fruit), to produce a variety of tasty snacks, their caloric intake per kg body weight per day of 30 to 40 kcal, so the very weight loss.
Potassium ions can not be due to kidney damage by severe, can cause "hyperkalemia" may cause finger numbness, fatigue, weakness, chest tightness, stiff tongue, slurred speech, loss of consciousness, severe arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. Care Care potassium diet too high renal insufficiency.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Food renal care to pay attention to protein intake, water intake, salt intake, caloric intake, intake of potassium ions, etc. Scientific and reasonable food is crucial for kidney patients.
Patients with renal failure, the need to restrict protein intake in order to reduce the burden on the kidneys, but if you eat large and small, use of the body's muscles and internal organs, so you have to eat adequately and sufficiently "quantity" and protein "quality", the amount per kg of body weight per day should be 1 to 1.2 grams, consumption of high quality and high biological value protein foods of animal origin, such as milk, eggs, meat.
When renal failure and decreased urine output, water accumulates in the body, which increases the load on the cardiovascular system, which, devitalized, edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath, lay , hematocrit (Hct) was reduced, and hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis and dialysis due to dehydration drama, prone to headaches, ah, vomiting, muscle cramps imbalance syndrome.
Kidney failure can not be discharged from the water, salt, easily lead to edema and increased blood pressure. Patients should not eat more than a day five grams of salt. 1 gram (1/5 tea soup) salt = 6/5 = 1 tea soup soup soy sauce MSG, so the above seasoning contains no added salt arbitrarily can use sugar, onion, ginger , garlic, etc., to improve the taste.
Diet careful in limiting protein intake, in order to avoid lack of calorie intake will increase the generation of nitrogenous waste, renal failure can eat a very low calorie high protein foods to supplement. Vegetable oils (such as soybean, peanut oil), low protein starch (eg Cheng powder, white powder, lotus root starch,) and carbohydrates (for example, sugar, honey, sweet ginger, sugar fruit), to produce a variety of tasty snacks, their caloric intake per kg body weight per day of 30 to 40 kcal, so the very weight loss.
Potassium ions can not be due to kidney damage by severe, can cause "hyperkalemia" may cause finger numbness, fatigue, weakness, chest tightness, stiff tongue, slurred speech, loss of consciousness, severe arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. Care Care potassium diet too high renal insufficiency.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
The cause of proteinuria
What is proteinuria? What is the cause of proteinuria? Today we see next. I hope I can help you understand this knowledge.
When the glomerular lesions and tubular occur, such as nephritis period, nephrotic renal arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure, may be proteinuria; A variety of bacterial infections, including pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis, sepsis, etc. You can also proteinuria; Diseases no infectious diseases such as kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, renal amyloidosis and shock, severe muscle damage, fever, jaundice, hyperthyroidism, hemolytic anemia and leukemia, but they can also be proteinuria.
Physiological proteinuria is common in eating a high protein diet, mental excitement, vigorous exercise, prolonged exposure to cold, pregnancy, etc, may seem the temporary nature of proteinuria, but the characterization of protein in urine is usually not more than +.
In general, often represent persistent proteinuria of renal disease. The amount of protein in urine reflect the severity of clinical efficacy can be made accordingly. However, it is noted that, for purposes of glomerular lesions, due to the extensive loss of renal units waste, reduced protein leaked out, however, reduces the protein controls in the urine or disappear, this means no reduction of kidney disease.
Kidney disease caused by reasons other than the most benign proteinuria, when cured of their disease, proteinuria disappear.
[Hot Proteinuria] colds and other illnesses caused by a fever above 38 degrees Celsius when proteinuria occurs.
[Orthostatic Proteinuria] young forward flexion of the spine to the blood vessels will have proteinuria kidney oppression. If left untreated, before and after three years, it will automatically disappear.
[Bleeding kidney] heart failure and other renal venous stasis occurs when urine protein, but the protein disappears bleeding disappear.
The proteinuria of renal diseases
Urinalysis each protein is made, it is obvious that people with kidney disease.
[Nephritis] acute nephritis or chronic nephritis, urine protein at the time of tens of grams of a small amount of both.
[Group nephrotic syndrome] in the first urine volume more than three grams of protein in the urine appears. When symptoms are severe, exudation of protein in the urine protein concentration in the blood is reduced. In addition, there is also a result of diabetic kidney disease, amyloidosis (AJnyloidosis), collagen disease caused by circumstances.
[Nefroesclerosis] With the status of renal sclerosis induced hypertension, reduced amount of protein in the urine, mainly in the 300 mg or less.
In addition, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, dropsy and other mercury poisoning, disease lead poisoning, have protein in the urine.
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is kidney-support@hotmail.com.
When the glomerular lesions and tubular occur, such as nephritis period, nephrotic renal arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure, may be proteinuria; A variety of bacterial infections, including pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis, sepsis, etc. You can also proteinuria; Diseases no infectious diseases such as kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, renal amyloidosis and shock, severe muscle damage, fever, jaundice, hyperthyroidism, hemolytic anemia and leukemia, but they can also be proteinuria.
Physiological proteinuria is common in eating a high protein diet, mental excitement, vigorous exercise, prolonged exposure to cold, pregnancy, etc, may seem the temporary nature of proteinuria, but the characterization of protein in urine is usually not more than +.
In general, often represent persistent proteinuria of renal disease. The amount of protein in urine reflect the severity of clinical efficacy can be made accordingly. However, it is noted that, for purposes of glomerular lesions, due to the extensive loss of renal units waste, reduced protein leaked out, however, reduces the protein controls in the urine or disappear, this means no reduction of kidney disease.
Kidney disease caused by reasons other than the most benign proteinuria, when cured of their disease, proteinuria disappear.
[Hot Proteinuria] colds and other illnesses caused by a fever above 38 degrees Celsius when proteinuria occurs.
[Orthostatic Proteinuria] young forward flexion of the spine to the blood vessels will have proteinuria kidney oppression. If left untreated, before and after three years, it will automatically disappear.
[Bleeding kidney] heart failure and other renal venous stasis occurs when urine protein, but the protein disappears bleeding disappear.
The proteinuria of renal diseases
Urinalysis each protein is made, it is obvious that people with kidney disease.
[Nephritis] acute nephritis or chronic nephritis, urine protein at the time of tens of grams of a small amount of both.
[Group nephrotic syndrome] in the first urine volume more than three grams of protein in the urine appears. When symptoms are severe, exudation of protein in the urine protein concentration in the blood is reduced. In addition, there is also a result of diabetic kidney disease, amyloidosis (AJnyloidosis), collagen disease caused by circumstances.
[Nefroesclerosis] With the status of renal sclerosis induced hypertension, reduced amount of protein in the urine, mainly in the 300 mg or less.
In addition, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, dropsy and other mercury poisoning, disease lead poisoning, have protein in the urine.
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is kidney-support@hotmail.com.
The cause of hematuria
What causes hematuria following is about the causes of hematuria caused Intro?
Kidney and urinary tract diseases
(1) inflammation: acute glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis acute and chronic urethritis, urinary tract infections of tuberculosis fungal acute cystitis and other urinary system.
(2) the stones: a portion of the renal pelvis and ureter stones in the bladder and urethra stones move from scratching easily produce hematuria ie urothelial also easily large stones can cause a secondary infection of the urinary tract obstruction and even cause renal damage.
(3) tumors: malignant tumor of any part of the urinary system or invasion of adjacent organs and malignant tumors of the urinary tract can cause hematuria occurs when.
(4) Trauma: refers to violent injury to the urinary system.
(5) Stimulation of drugs: sulfonamides phenol as lead mercury, arsenic poisoning mannitol infusion and much glycerin.
(6) Congenital malformations: congenital polycystic kidney glomerular basement membrane nephritis fine vascular nutcracker phenomenon is a congenital malformation of traveling in the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, squeezing between the left renal vein causes intractable hematuria nutcracker phenomenon known as renal vein right directly into the inferior vena cava and the left renal vein must pass through the abdominal aorta and the angle of the superior mesenteric artery formed in the inferior vena cava is normal for this angle 45 ° ~ 60 ° if this angle is too congenital little or mesenteric fat can cause swollen lymph nodes diagnosed peritoneal nutcracker phenomenon filled mainly by CTB very renal venography treatment requires surgical correction
Systemic disease
(1) coagulation disorders: thrombocytopenia purpura allergic purpura hemophilia leukemia malignant histiocytosis aplastic anemia.
(2) Connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma nodular nodosa, etc
(3) Infectious disease: leptospirosis epidemic hemorrhagic fever scarlet filariasis infection and other bacterial endocarditis
(4) Cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, renal renal vein thrombosis.
(5) Endocrine and metabolic diseases: gout, kidney disease diabetic nephropathy hyperparathyroidism.
Diseases of adjacent organs:
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Kidney and urinary tract diseases
(1) inflammation: acute glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis acute and chronic urethritis, urinary tract infections of tuberculosis fungal acute cystitis and other urinary system.
(2) the stones: a portion of the renal pelvis and ureter stones in the bladder and urethra stones move from scratching easily produce hematuria ie urothelial also easily large stones can cause a secondary infection of the urinary tract obstruction and even cause renal damage.
(3) tumors: malignant tumor of any part of the urinary system or invasion of adjacent organs and malignant tumors of the urinary tract can cause hematuria occurs when.
(4) Trauma: refers to violent injury to the urinary system.
(5) Stimulation of drugs: sulfonamides phenol as lead mercury, arsenic poisoning mannitol infusion and much glycerin.
(6) Congenital malformations: congenital polycystic kidney glomerular basement membrane nephritis fine vascular nutcracker phenomenon is a congenital malformation of traveling in the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, squeezing between the left renal vein causes intractable hematuria nutcracker phenomenon known as renal vein right directly into the inferior vena cava and the left renal vein must pass through the abdominal aorta and the angle of the superior mesenteric artery formed in the inferior vena cava is normal for this angle 45 ° ~ 60 ° if this angle is too congenital little or mesenteric fat can cause swollen lymph nodes diagnosed peritoneal nutcracker phenomenon filled mainly by CTB very renal venography treatment requires surgical correction
Systemic disease
(1) coagulation disorders: thrombocytopenia purpura allergic purpura hemophilia leukemia malignant histiocytosis aplastic anemia.
(2) Connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma nodular nodosa, etc
(3) Infectious disease: leptospirosis epidemic hemorrhagic fever scarlet filariasis infection and other bacterial endocarditis
(4) Cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, renal renal vein thrombosis.
(5) Endocrine and metabolic diseases: gout, kidney disease diabetic nephropathy hyperparathyroidism.
Diseases of adjacent organs:
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is kidney-support@hotmail.com.
2014年12月26日星期五
Inspection of hematuria
1. Ask disease history
① The color of urine, if red should understand better than another or is not eating red urine caused by medication or food, yes or no menstrual period of a woman, to exclude false hematuria. ②? What is hematuria section on the process, whether or not the hematuria, with or without blood clots. ③ Yes or no accompany ado symptoms associated administration or urinals. Yes ④ have the waist and abdominal trauma and recent history of the inspection teams urinary tract. ⑤ have a history of hypertension and nephropathy. ⑥ Having a family history of deafness and nephritis.
2. Check the position of hematuria
The following three types of hematuria, urine can use three cups distinguish.
(1) Early hematuria: The only common hematuria in starting urination, urethral injuries.
(2) Terminal hematuria hematuria end of urination, lesions in the bladder trigone, bladder neck or urethra
(3) Travel around the hematuria: Hematuria in the whole process of urination, bleeding over into the bladder, ureter or ri ng?.
3. The method of routine examination
(1) Urine tube: Especially tube red, meaning that renal parenchymal bleeding, observed mainly in glomerulonephritis.
(2) Determination of urinary protein: The hematuria associated with more severe proteinuria are almost always a symbol of glomerular hematuria
(3) urine tube containing particles immunoglobulin (IG)
(4) urinary red cell morphology: Use phase microscopic examination of urine sediment is most common method used to identify hematuria in glomerular glomerular or not. When the urine red blood cell count> 8 x 106 / L, as RBCs (ring-shaped target as spores, etc.)> 30%, considered to glomerular hematuria. Urine urine protein> 500 mg / 24 hours, often suggestive of glomerular hematuria. As renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethral bleeding (ie bleeding not glomerular) the formation of red blood cells, the vast majority of normal size, just a small a part of deformed red blood cells . As glomerular disease caused hematuria, most of the red blood cells abnormal, accounting for 75%, and its shapes, sizes and you will significant difference.
Above is inspection hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
① The color of urine, if red should understand better than another or is not eating red urine caused by medication or food, yes or no menstrual period of a woman, to exclude false hematuria. ②? What is hematuria section on the process, whether or not the hematuria, with or without blood clots. ③ Yes or no accompany ado symptoms associated administration or urinals. Yes ④ have the waist and abdominal trauma and recent history of the inspection teams urinary tract. ⑤ have a history of hypertension and nephropathy. ⑥ Having a family history of deafness and nephritis.
2. Check the position of hematuria
The following three types of hematuria, urine can use three cups distinguish.
(1) Early hematuria: The only common hematuria in starting urination, urethral injuries.
(2) Terminal hematuria hematuria end of urination, lesions in the bladder trigone, bladder neck or urethra
(3) Travel around the hematuria: Hematuria in the whole process of urination, bleeding over into the bladder, ureter or ri ng?.
3. The method of routine examination
(1) Urine tube: Especially tube red, meaning that renal parenchymal bleeding, observed mainly in glomerulonephritis.
(2) Determination of urinary protein: The hematuria associated with more severe proteinuria are almost always a symbol of glomerular hematuria
(3) urine tube containing particles immunoglobulin (IG)
(4) urinary red cell morphology: Use phase microscopic examination of urine sediment is most common method used to identify hematuria in glomerular glomerular or not. When the urine red blood cell count> 8 x 106 / L, as RBCs (ring-shaped target as spores, etc.)> 30%, considered to glomerular hematuria. Urine urine protein> 500 mg / 24 hours, often suggestive of glomerular hematuria. As renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethral bleeding (ie bleeding not glomerular) the formation of red blood cells, the vast majority of normal size, just a small a part of deformed red blood cells . As glomerular disease caused hematuria, most of the red blood cells abnormal, accounting for 75%, and its shapes, sizes and you will significant difference.
Above is inspection hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The main treatment of nephrotic syndrome
1. Glucocorticoid therapy
Glucocorticoids (abbreviated hormone) for kidney disease is primarily an anti-inflammatory effect. Can reduce oozing of acute inflammation, the lysosomal membrane stability, reduce fibrin deposition, reducing capillary permeability and reduce leakage of urine protein. Furthermore, it can still inhibit the proliferative response of chronic inflammation, decrease the activity of fibroblasts, reduce tissue repair induced fibrosis. Glucocorticoid response to disease depends largely on the effectiveness of the pathological type, minimal change and certainly more rapid efficacy. Using the principles and programs in general are: ① Enough initial dose: Drugs used commonly prednisone, oral eight weeks, if necessary, be extended to 12 weeks. ② Reduce the dose slowly, proper treatment every 2 to 3 weeks after the original amount least 10%, when it is reduced to 20 mg / day or so easily when symptoms recur, be the slower reduction. ③ Long-term maintenance: Finally, the minimal effective dose and then maintained for several months to six months. Volume can be taken full day Dayton clothing or the amount of maintenance medication every other day during the second clothing Dayton, in order to reduce side effects of hormones hormones. Severe edema, liver dysfunction or poor efficacy of prednisone, prednisolone can be replaced by mouth or intravenously.
According to the patient for the treatment of glucocorticoid response, which can be classified as "sensitive to hormones" (Al treatment in 8 to 12 weeks, NS response), "hormone-dependent" (Hormones reduce the dose to a certain extent that relapse) and "steroid resistant" (invalid hormone therapy), the additional treatment of the respective are different.
Prolonged use of steroids can occur in infected patients, drug-induced osteoporosis and other side effects diabetes, sometimes femoral head avascular necrosis, the need to strengthen supervision and timing also may occur.
2. I cytotoxic drugs
The invalid hormonal therapy, or the type of hormone-dependent or recurrent that can help in the treatment of cytotoxic drugs. Because these drugs have gonadal toxicity, liver damage and large doses can cause cancer risk, therefore, indications and drug treatment should be carefully handled. Currently these drugs, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and the acidic environment of benzene nitrogen (CB1348) more clinical application.
3. Immunosuppressive
Currently immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, tacrolimus (FK506) and mycophenolate mofetil is used clinically leflunomide etc.
Immunosuppressive past often combined with glucocorticoid treatment of many different pathological types of nephrotic syndrome, in recent years, is also recommended in some patients due to glucocorticoids relative contraindication or intolerance (if diabetes is not controlled, mental factors, severe osteoporosis), and some patients do not want to accept glucocorticoid therapy or in patients with contraindications exist, can be used alone immunosuppressive therapy (including boots) certain pathological types of nephrotic syndrome, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy , minimal change nephropathy etc.
Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (including cytotoxic drugs) may have a variety of treatment programs NS, in principle, should be to improve efficiency and minimize side effects is appropriate. If hormone therapy, duration of treatment, and whether to use and the choice of (cytotoxic drugs) immunosuppressive agents in patients with glomerular disease should be combined with other pathological type, age, renal function and if the situation is different contraindications relating treated differently, depending on the role of immunosuppressive agents proposed goals, develop an individualized treatment plan. In recent years, according to the findings of evidence-based medicine, for different pathological types, propose appropriate treatment.
Above mentioned are the main tratamientoes of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Glucocorticoids (abbreviated hormone) for kidney disease is primarily an anti-inflammatory effect. Can reduce oozing of acute inflammation, the lysosomal membrane stability, reduce fibrin deposition, reducing capillary permeability and reduce leakage of urine protein. Furthermore, it can still inhibit the proliferative response of chronic inflammation, decrease the activity of fibroblasts, reduce tissue repair induced fibrosis. Glucocorticoid response to disease depends largely on the effectiveness of the pathological type, minimal change and certainly more rapid efficacy. Using the principles and programs in general are: ① Enough initial dose: Drugs used commonly prednisone, oral eight weeks, if necessary, be extended to 12 weeks. ② Reduce the dose slowly, proper treatment every 2 to 3 weeks after the original amount least 10%, when it is reduced to 20 mg / day or so easily when symptoms recur, be the slower reduction. ③ Long-term maintenance: Finally, the minimal effective dose and then maintained for several months to six months. Volume can be taken full day Dayton clothing or the amount of maintenance medication every other day during the second clothing Dayton, in order to reduce side effects of hormones hormones. Severe edema, liver dysfunction or poor efficacy of prednisone, prednisolone can be replaced by mouth or intravenously.
According to the patient for the treatment of glucocorticoid response, which can be classified as "sensitive to hormones" (Al treatment in 8 to 12 weeks, NS response), "hormone-dependent" (Hormones reduce the dose to a certain extent that relapse) and "steroid resistant" (invalid hormone therapy), the additional treatment of the respective are different.
Prolonged use of steroids can occur in infected patients, drug-induced osteoporosis and other side effects diabetes, sometimes femoral head avascular necrosis, the need to strengthen supervision and timing also may occur.
2. I cytotoxic drugs
The invalid hormonal therapy, or the type of hormone-dependent or recurrent that can help in the treatment of cytotoxic drugs. Because these drugs have gonadal toxicity, liver damage and large doses can cause cancer risk, therefore, indications and drug treatment should be carefully handled. Currently these drugs, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and the acidic environment of benzene nitrogen (CB1348) more clinical application.
3. Immunosuppressive
Currently immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, tacrolimus (FK506) and mycophenolate mofetil is used clinically leflunomide etc.
Immunosuppressive past often combined with glucocorticoid treatment of many different pathological types of nephrotic syndrome, in recent years, is also recommended in some patients due to glucocorticoids relative contraindication or intolerance (if diabetes is not controlled, mental factors, severe osteoporosis), and some patients do not want to accept glucocorticoid therapy or in patients with contraindications exist, can be used alone immunosuppressive therapy (including boots) certain pathological types of nephrotic syndrome, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy , minimal change nephropathy etc.
Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (including cytotoxic drugs) may have a variety of treatment programs NS, in principle, should be to improve efficiency and minimize side effects is appropriate. If hormone therapy, duration of treatment, and whether to use and the choice of (cytotoxic drugs) immunosuppressive agents in patients with glomerular disease should be combined with other pathological type, age, renal function and if the situation is different contraindications relating treated differently, depending on the role of immunosuppressive agents proposed goals, develop an individualized treatment plan. In recent years, according to the findings of evidence-based medicine, for different pathological types, propose appropriate treatment.
Above mentioned are the main tratamientoes of nephrotic syndrome? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Action Micro-Chinese Medicine
They can learn from many examples, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is good therapy. therefore,? what is the action of Micro-Chinese Medicine?
In the past, usually only treatment for the disease, membrane repair primary glomerular filtration poor run. It can be seen, even if the protein in the urine over a period of time to reduce or even disappear, but does not solve the underlying cause, glomerular filtration membrane is not fixed. After the disappearance of the drug, or for some reason induction, urinary protein? Why just disappear?
After micro processing of Chinese Medicine
Having a stronger drug activity, which is in full play the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating broken again,, and medicine effective molecular link in the chain, the formation of new features, while also injured against glomerular basement membrane to remove deposited in the basement membrane of immune complexes and tissue repair damaged basement membrane of the patient. This approach focuses on the renewal of the genes for kidney disease and renal disease cells and activates intracellular DNA replication of damaged tissue, promote structural changes in the kidney damage, impaired kidney function was restored. Therefore, after the repair, the underlying causes of disease caused by an invisible bridge, decreased urinary protein bound until it disappears, and this disappearance is erased with the disappearance of the cause, it is difficult to occur again of course, no withdrawal symptoms rebound.
Therefore, proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy treatment, the key is to put "This" to control blood sugar, to repair the damaged basement membrane, rather than be deceived by appearances; Quality the patient's own illness feels not aspire to a number. Only in this way, the disease will reach the true sense of the cure!
Participation constitutes a "Special Three Guarantees"
And Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy they constitute a "special one three guarantees" of the other three elements are: techniques of stem cells for immunoadsorption core blood purification, the security system of integrative effectiveness.
Stem cell transplantation in the treatment technology system. It is the second important feature of the core support therapy. Our hospital has the stem cell transplant as a treatment for kidney disease, a new tool introduced in the treatment of kidney disease and has shown strong vitality. Because stem cells are capable of self-renewal stubborn (ie division generations) and differentiation (converted to a variety of address) capacity. Therefore, in the treatment of kidney disease, with infinite possibilities, and in the repair and regeneration of various types of intrinsic renal cell with strong vitality. It is called: Set rebuild. This treatment technology, greatly improve hospital treatment.
By immunosorbent technology purifying blood as the basic system. It is the third important feature of therapy basic support. Its main function is to infiltrate therapy micro-Chinese medicine and stem cell transplantation in the treatment of treatment technology to create a relaxed atmosphere. Its mechanism of action is: clean the blood of small molecules pollutants hemodialysis through blood filtration and hemoperfusion in blood is cleaned and large molecules of harmful substances through the blood and remove most of immune complexes immunoadsorption, thus effectively kept relatively clean of blood to stem cell transplant and Micro-Chinese medicine treatment more effective penetration. It is known as: + adsorption purification.
"Guarantee" refers to the protection of existing therapies technical function. Create three features in the basic system support treatment technology will also be presented existing Chinese medicine treatment techniques of Western medicine, the three main features of the core support technology safety of the treatment system. Thus, the current treatment, Western drugs in the safety position and subordinate, so that the formation of four technology of a comprehensive treatment system organic.
"Three of a special guarantee" with the completion of nephropathy in the five fundamental processes: the blockade, adsorption, purification, repair, reconstruction. This powerful process prevents renal fibrosis and progressive renal disease is difficult to treat type of the disease!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
In the past, usually only treatment for the disease, membrane repair primary glomerular filtration poor run. It can be seen, even if the protein in the urine over a period of time to reduce or even disappear, but does not solve the underlying cause, glomerular filtration membrane is not fixed. After the disappearance of the drug, or for some reason induction, urinary protein? Why just disappear?
After micro processing of Chinese Medicine
Having a stronger drug activity, which is in full play the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating broken again,, and medicine effective molecular link in the chain, the formation of new features, while also injured against glomerular basement membrane to remove deposited in the basement membrane of immune complexes and tissue repair damaged basement membrane of the patient. This approach focuses on the renewal of the genes for kidney disease and renal disease cells and activates intracellular DNA replication of damaged tissue, promote structural changes in the kidney damage, impaired kidney function was restored. Therefore, after the repair, the underlying causes of disease caused by an invisible bridge, decreased urinary protein bound until it disappears, and this disappearance is erased with the disappearance of the cause, it is difficult to occur again of course, no withdrawal symptoms rebound.
Therefore, proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy treatment, the key is to put "This" to control blood sugar, to repair the damaged basement membrane, rather than be deceived by appearances; Quality the patient's own illness feels not aspire to a number. Only in this way, the disease will reach the true sense of the cure!
Participation constitutes a "Special Three Guarantees"
And Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy they constitute a "special one three guarantees" of the other three elements are: techniques of stem cells for immunoadsorption core blood purification, the security system of integrative effectiveness.
Stem cell transplantation in the treatment technology system. It is the second important feature of the core support therapy. Our hospital has the stem cell transplant as a treatment for kidney disease, a new tool introduced in the treatment of kidney disease and has shown strong vitality. Because stem cells are capable of self-renewal stubborn (ie division generations) and differentiation (converted to a variety of address) capacity. Therefore, in the treatment of kidney disease, with infinite possibilities, and in the repair and regeneration of various types of intrinsic renal cell with strong vitality. It is called: Set rebuild. This treatment technology, greatly improve hospital treatment.
By immunosorbent technology purifying blood as the basic system. It is the third important feature of therapy basic support. Its main function is to infiltrate therapy micro-Chinese medicine and stem cell transplantation in the treatment of treatment technology to create a relaxed atmosphere. Its mechanism of action is: clean the blood of small molecules pollutants hemodialysis through blood filtration and hemoperfusion in blood is cleaned and large molecules of harmful substances through the blood and remove most of immune complexes immunoadsorption, thus effectively kept relatively clean of blood to stem cell transplant and Micro-Chinese medicine treatment more effective penetration. It is known as: + adsorption purification.
"Guarantee" refers to the protection of existing therapies technical function. Create three features in the basic system support treatment technology will also be presented existing Chinese medicine treatment techniques of Western medicine, the three main features of the core support technology safety of the treatment system. Thus, the current treatment, Western drugs in the safety position and subordinate, so that the formation of four technology of a comprehensive treatment system organic.
"Three of a special guarantee" with the completion of nephropathy in the five fundamental processes: the blockade, adsorption, purification, repair, reconstruction. This powerful process prevents renal fibrosis and progressive renal disease is difficult to treat type of the disease!
if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Diagnostic methods hematuria
What are the methods of diagnosis of hematuria following is on the diagnosis of hematuria Intro?
First, according to symptoms associated with hematuria distinguish between different hematuria, hematuria accompanied if urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, especially dysuria, especially for urinary tract infection, stones, etc., known to have pain hematuria. If hematuria is not accompanied by dysuria, called painless hematuria, nephritis, renal tuberculosis, urinary tract tumors is very common, especially in elderly patients with gross hematuria was fast, it should be noted that all aspects of the inspection to exclude malignant lesions.
Hematuria associated with other systemic symptoms, which can also be the cause of the difference between hematuria. Currently used in the examination of urine red cell morphology to determine the origin of hematuria, which is about 90% .The specific measures taken after centrifugation of urine, placed on glass slides using contrast microscope phase for the morphology of red blood cells in urine. Glomerular hematuria, urinary the RBCs, the RBCs red blood cells that show a variety of shapes such as donut, strawberry, similar drop, and red blood cells, even broken warp, suggesting that hematuria is caused due to glomerular lesions. Glomerular hematuria, red blood cells in the urine mostly normal or substantially normal.
In addition, hematuria and hemoglobinuria should be differentiated. Hemoglobinuria was the result of hemolytic disease, increased concentration of free plasma hemoglobin, crossed the threshold of kidney GFR and urine. Hemoglobinuria colors can be red, brown or even black color. The identification is mainly based on microscopic examination of urine, hematuria, urine contains a large number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the urine without red blood cells, which is the fundamental difference between the two.
Above is diagnostic methods hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
First, according to symptoms associated with hematuria distinguish between different hematuria, hematuria accompanied if urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, especially dysuria, especially for urinary tract infection, stones, etc., known to have pain hematuria. If hematuria is not accompanied by dysuria, called painless hematuria, nephritis, renal tuberculosis, urinary tract tumors is very common, especially in elderly patients with gross hematuria was fast, it should be noted that all aspects of the inspection to exclude malignant lesions.
Hematuria associated with other systemic symptoms, which can also be the cause of the difference between hematuria. Currently used in the examination of urine red cell morphology to determine the origin of hematuria, which is about 90% .The specific measures taken after centrifugation of urine, placed on glass slides using contrast microscope phase for the morphology of red blood cells in urine. Glomerular hematuria, urinary the RBCs, the RBCs red blood cells that show a variety of shapes such as donut, strawberry, similar drop, and red blood cells, even broken warp, suggesting that hematuria is caused due to glomerular lesions. Glomerular hematuria, red blood cells in the urine mostly normal or substantially normal.
In addition, hematuria and hemoglobinuria should be differentiated. Hemoglobinuria was the result of hemolytic disease, increased concentration of free plasma hemoglobin, crossed the threshold of kidney GFR and urine. Hemoglobinuria colors can be red, brown or even black color. The identification is mainly based on microscopic examination of urine, hematuria, urine contains a large number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the urine without red blood cells, which is the fundamental difference between the two.
Above is diagnostic methods hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Food Therapy hematuria
The hematuria may be caused as a general disease, but also to the only manifestation of cancer of the urinary tract, and systemic diseases such as hemorrhagic purpura may produce hematuria, so the cause of hematuria and bleeding diagnosis is extremely important.
The reason is because of hematuria in urine excretion of abnormal increase of red blood cells, hematuria may occur because of the urinary system is a manifestation of severe disease, hematuria is not a disease, is the onset of a clinical manifestation of the disease. So? What are ways to treat the hematuria?
Under normal circumstances, no red blood cells in the urine. Medical patient urine after centrifugation under a microscope to see if each high power field in five or more red blood cells, called hematuria. If only detect red blood cells under a microscope, and the eyes do not see blood in the urine, called microscopic hematuria. eye can see if urine is "washwater flesh" or colored band, and even injected blood clots or blood in the urine, called gross hematuria.
Hematuria means blood from childhood out, or urine mixed with blood, especially due to the accumulation of heat due to the kidneys and bladder. The diet should be cooling and purging fire, nourishing based hemostasis. Three meals a day diet, you should not eat spicy foods, like all the wine, onion, ginger, garlic and chile ect. Basting should not take the goods. greasy and seafood should not eat hot food must be deprivation. Always take the following cooling, bleeding of goods: As malan head, shepherd's purse, lotus root, melon, watermelon, beans, lotus seeds, etc, persimmons, apples, pears, oranges and other fruits should correspond to eat.
This paper presents a therapeutic approach for hematuria meat and amaranth porridge
Lean pork, cut into mud, add the rice wine, bitter oil, mix cornstarch, vegetable oil bread, baked sand support. Amaranth, wash and drain cut into very thin. It boil rice soup rice, add amarantos the end, cook for 5 minutes, transferred to the meat, condiments can be eaten boiled.
Before treatment of hematuria, you should consult some guidance related to medical treatment of foods to avoid improper medical treatment of any consequence.
Above is food therapy hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The reason is because of hematuria in urine excretion of abnormal increase of red blood cells, hematuria may occur because of the urinary system is a manifestation of severe disease, hematuria is not a disease, is the onset of a clinical manifestation of the disease. So? What are ways to treat the hematuria?
Under normal circumstances, no red blood cells in the urine. Medical patient urine after centrifugation under a microscope to see if each high power field in five or more red blood cells, called hematuria. If only detect red blood cells under a microscope, and the eyes do not see blood in the urine, called microscopic hematuria. eye can see if urine is "washwater flesh" or colored band, and even injected blood clots or blood in the urine, called gross hematuria.
Hematuria means blood from childhood out, or urine mixed with blood, especially due to the accumulation of heat due to the kidneys and bladder. The diet should be cooling and purging fire, nourishing based hemostasis. Three meals a day diet, you should not eat spicy foods, like all the wine, onion, ginger, garlic and chile ect. Basting should not take the goods. greasy and seafood should not eat hot food must be deprivation. Always take the following cooling, bleeding of goods: As malan head, shepherd's purse, lotus root, melon, watermelon, beans, lotus seeds, etc, persimmons, apples, pears, oranges and other fruits should correspond to eat.
This paper presents a therapeutic approach for hematuria meat and amaranth porridge
Lean pork, cut into mud, add the rice wine, bitter oil, mix cornstarch, vegetable oil bread, baked sand support. Amaranth, wash and drain cut into very thin. It boil rice soup rice, add amarantos the end, cook for 5 minutes, transferred to the meat, condiments can be eaten boiled.
Before treatment of hematuria, you should consult some guidance related to medical treatment of foods to avoid improper medical treatment of any consequence.
Above is food therapy hematuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月25日星期四
Treatment of proteinuria
Proteinuria is a great typical symptoms of kidney disease, but the number of
urinary protein loss does not reflect the severity of renal disease. Patients
with mild chronic renal disease with little urinary protein loss does not
necessarily mean renal pathological damage is slight. Many proteinuria can not
explain the severity of the pathological lesion nephrotic. As minimal change
glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis soft, mild
renal disease, but the daily amount of protein in urine up to a few grams or
even a dozen grams.
Proteinuria usually divided, selective proteinuria, nonselective proteinuria. Selective proteinuria, referring to electrophoresis smaller molecular weight protein based on the characteristics of the protein-based, such as albumin, α1-globulin, γ-globulin and transferrin. The large molecular weight protein such as α2-globulin, fibrinogen, β lipoprotein content less.
In patients with minimal change nephrotic soft mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy of early lesions and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis, showed more selective proteinuria, suggesting that the small mesh (glomerular filtration membrane ) mild damage.
Selective proteinuria, protein electrophoresis is characterized by small molecules and macromolecules proteins appear simultaneously, showed small mesh (glomerular filtration membrane) more serious damage.
Expert analysis of the kidney, the number of protein loss, and severity of the disease is not proportional. patients of mild glomerular lesions, urinary protein is not necessarily enough, as minimal change glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis soft, mild renal disease, but the daily amount of protein in urine up to a few grams or even a dozen grams .
On the contrary, some focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis and crescent glomerulonephritis, serious injury pathology, but the daily amount of urine protein may be only a few grams. So the treatment is good or bad, depending on the type of renal pathology for damage and kidney function.
Another, also depends on whether patients and physicians cooperate if prevent recurrence of incentives is the appearance (such as colds, fatigue, diarrhea, etc) if adherence to treatment, either to prevent the use of nephrotoxic drugs.
Diet
Nephritis patients with massive proteinuria appear generally can be supplemented by diet, pensa view that patients with nephritis can not eat food proteins is incorrect, unilateral, including the development of chronic nephritis late - patients uremia, which also advocates eating a diet low in protein and high quality.
Daily protein intake should be controlled at 0.6 ~ 0.8 g / kg body weight. Uremic patients during dialysis, especially peritoneal dialysis, the daily consumption should increase the amount of protein, approximately 1.2 ~ 1.5 g / kg body weight. Patients in the nephrotic syndrome, urinary loss of large amounts of protein, such as placientes normal renal function, advocates eating a high protein diet to hypoproteinemia, reduce edema and improve or increase the body's resistance.
If patients with nephritis appear azotemia, or when early renal insufficiency, should limit the intake of protein. otherwise impaired renal function will accelerate. In summary, the different condition of the patient must use different diet recipes.
When proteinuria in patients with renal disease, do not have to think too much. When a small amount of proteinuria occurs, can not be too ignore the severity of the disease, the best condition of the patient diagnosed, proteinuria develop suitable treatment programs. From the point of renal pathological damage full recovery of renal function, elimination of proteinuria.
Above is the treatment of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Proteinuria usually divided, selective proteinuria, nonselective proteinuria. Selective proteinuria, referring to electrophoresis smaller molecular weight protein based on the characteristics of the protein-based, such as albumin, α1-globulin, γ-globulin and transferrin. The large molecular weight protein such as α2-globulin, fibrinogen, β lipoprotein content less.
In patients with minimal change nephrotic soft mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy of early lesions and membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis, showed more selective proteinuria, suggesting that the small mesh (glomerular filtration membrane ) mild damage.
Selective proteinuria, protein electrophoresis is characterized by small molecules and macromolecules proteins appear simultaneously, showed small mesh (glomerular filtration membrane) more serious damage.
Expert analysis of the kidney, the number of protein loss, and severity of the disease is not proportional. patients of mild glomerular lesions, urinary protein is not necessarily enough, as minimal change glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis soft, mild renal disease, but the daily amount of protein in urine up to a few grams or even a dozen grams .
On the contrary, some focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis and crescent glomerulonephritis, serious injury pathology, but the daily amount of urine protein may be only a few grams. So the treatment is good or bad, depending on the type of renal pathology for damage and kidney function.
Another, also depends on whether patients and physicians cooperate if prevent recurrence of incentives is the appearance (such as colds, fatigue, diarrhea, etc) if adherence to treatment, either to prevent the use of nephrotoxic drugs.
Diet
Nephritis patients with massive proteinuria appear generally can be supplemented by diet, pensa view that patients with nephritis can not eat food proteins is incorrect, unilateral, including the development of chronic nephritis late - patients uremia, which also advocates eating a diet low in protein and high quality.
Daily protein intake should be controlled at 0.6 ~ 0.8 g / kg body weight. Uremic patients during dialysis, especially peritoneal dialysis, the daily consumption should increase the amount of protein, approximately 1.2 ~ 1.5 g / kg body weight. Patients in the nephrotic syndrome, urinary loss of large amounts of protein, such as placientes normal renal function, advocates eating a high protein diet to hypoproteinemia, reduce edema and improve or increase the body's resistance.
If patients with nephritis appear azotemia, or when early renal insufficiency, should limit the intake of protein. otherwise impaired renal function will accelerate. In summary, the different condition of the patient must use different diet recipes.
When proteinuria in patients with renal disease, do not have to think too much. When a small amount of proteinuria occurs, can not be too ignore the severity of the disease, the best condition of the patient diagnosed, proteinuria develop suitable treatment programs. From the point of renal pathological damage full recovery of renal function, elimination of proteinuria.
Above is the treatment of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Symptoms of kidney failure
Patients with renal impairment should be aware of the signs and symptoms can
worsen kidney function and may warrant evaluation and treatment of your
nephrologist.
What are the symptoms of acute renal failure?
Swelling, especially in the legs and feet
Lack of appetite, feeling not like to eat
Nausea and vomiting
When you urinate, little or no urine
lumbago
Anxiety, confusion, disturbed and drowsiness
What are the symptoms of chronic kidney failure?
Since decreased renal function, symptoms of kidney failure are unable to regulate water and electrolyte balance, removing waste from the body, and promotes the production of red blood cells.
Swelling: Because the kidneys can not adjust the balance of the wastewater.
Proteinuria: glomerular damage, Protein molecules can pass filtration membrane, at this time, otherwise it may be damaged tubular, proteins can not be reabsorbed.
Anemia: Tenal not produce erythropoietin (EPO), and to promote the production of red blood cells. In addition, toxins in the body shorten the life of the red blood cells.
High levels of creatinine: For body can not excrete creatinine. Lack of appetite, fatigue, drowsiness and even coma: because the creation of waste products in the blood. Anemia can also aggravate these symptoms.
A shortness of breath: Because the kidneys are unable to meet the growing burden of acid in the body.
Hypertension: As the body of excess fluids
Nausea and vomiting
Above are symptoms of kidney failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
What are the symptoms of acute renal failure?
Swelling, especially in the legs and feet
Lack of appetite, feeling not like to eat
Nausea and vomiting
When you urinate, little or no urine
lumbago
Anxiety, confusion, disturbed and drowsiness
What are the symptoms of chronic kidney failure?
Since decreased renal function, symptoms of kidney failure are unable to regulate water and electrolyte balance, removing waste from the body, and promotes the production of red blood cells.
Swelling: Because the kidneys can not adjust the balance of the wastewater.
Proteinuria: glomerular damage, Protein molecules can pass filtration membrane, at this time, otherwise it may be damaged tubular, proteins can not be reabsorbed.
Anemia: Tenal not produce erythropoietin (EPO), and to promote the production of red blood cells. In addition, toxins in the body shorten the life of the red blood cells.
High levels of creatinine: For body can not excrete creatinine. Lack of appetite, fatigue, drowsiness and even coma: because the creation of waste products in the blood. Anemia can also aggravate these symptoms.
A shortness of breath: Because the kidneys are unable to meet the growing burden of acid in the body.
Hypertension: As the body of excess fluids
Nausea and vomiting
Above are symptoms of kidney failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The causes of proteinuria
(一) Kidney Proteinuria
1. Proteinuria glomerular
Common in acute glomerulonephritis, various types of chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephritis, nephritis hides.
Common secondary ect as renal lupus, autoimmune disorders, diabetic nephropathy, purpura nephritis, renal arteriosclerosis ect.
Common metabolic disorders in gout kidney
According to the degree of filtration membrane disease injury and proteinuria is divided into two components:
Proteinuria selective ①: mainly albumin, and a small amount of low molecular weight proteins, no large proteins Urine (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4), semi-quantitative especially in +++ ~ ++++ typical disease is nephrotic syndrome.
② Proteinuria nonselective: Description fracture of the glomerular capillary wall severely injured in urine is large molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins, complement, the average molecular weight and low molecular weight protein albumin in urinary protein, immunoglobulin / albumin ratio> 0.5, semiquantitative + ~ ++++, quantification between 0.5 ~ 3.0g / 24h, common in primary glomerular disease as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative diseases ect.y secondary glomerular nephritis as diabetes, lupus nephritis ect. The emergence nonselective proteinuria bad prognosis.
Vigorous exercise, long march, high temperature environment, fever, cold environment, nervousness, congestive heart failure ect, also appear proteinuria.
2. tubular proteinuria:
The most common variety of causes interstitial nephritis, renal vein thrombosis, renal artery thrombosis, salts of heavy metal poisoning ect.
Proteinuria in renal tissue:
Also known as secretory proteinuria. Since during the formation of urine, renal metabolism of protein in the urine caused by infiltration.
(二) Proteinuria no renal
proteinuria humoral
Also known as overflow proteinuria, such as multiple myeloma.
proteinuria organization
As protein in urine cancer, viral infection of host proteins produced ect.
Lower urinary tract mixed with proteinuria cause proteinuria
Common urinary tract infections, urinary tract epithelial cells and peeling of the urinary tract secrete mucin.
Above is the causes of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Proteinuria glomerular
Common in acute glomerulonephritis, various types of chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephritis, nephritis hides.
Common secondary ect as renal lupus, autoimmune disorders, diabetic nephropathy, purpura nephritis, renal arteriosclerosis ect.
Common metabolic disorders in gout kidney
According to the degree of filtration membrane disease injury and proteinuria is divided into two components:
Proteinuria selective ①: mainly albumin, and a small amount of low molecular weight proteins, no large proteins Urine (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4), semi-quantitative especially in +++ ~ ++++ typical disease is nephrotic syndrome.
② Proteinuria nonselective: Description fracture of the glomerular capillary wall severely injured in urine is large molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulins, complement, the average molecular weight and low molecular weight protein albumin in urinary protein, immunoglobulin / albumin ratio> 0.5, semiquantitative + ~ ++++, quantification between 0.5 ~ 3.0g / 24h, common in primary glomerular disease as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis and mesangial proliferative diseases ect.y secondary glomerular nephritis as diabetes, lupus nephritis ect. The emergence nonselective proteinuria bad prognosis.
Vigorous exercise, long march, high temperature environment, fever, cold environment, nervousness, congestive heart failure ect, also appear proteinuria.
2. tubular proteinuria:
The most common variety of causes interstitial nephritis, renal vein thrombosis, renal artery thrombosis, salts of heavy metal poisoning ect.
Proteinuria in renal tissue:
Also known as secretory proteinuria. Since during the formation of urine, renal metabolism of protein in the urine caused by infiltration.
(二) Proteinuria no renal
proteinuria humoral
Also known as overflow proteinuria, such as multiple myeloma.
proteinuria organization
As protein in urine cancer, viral infection of host proteins produced ect.
Lower urinary tract mixed with proteinuria cause proteinuria
Common urinary tract infections, urinary tract epithelial cells and peeling of the urinary tract secrete mucin.
Above is the causes of proteinuria,? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
The cause of glomerular filtration rate
In society there are many people has nephropathy, glomerular filtration rate is one of the major diseases, therefore,? Which is the cause of glomerular filtration rate?
Actually play the role of renal function is the function of the kidney cells. Main function is to clear the blood of harmful substances from the body, such scanning is the glomerular filtration. For this reason, people attach great importance to the ability of glomerular filtration of this force.
So what GFR refuse? To understand this problem, we first analyze how the glomerular filtration rate is achieved. One study found that the glomerular filtration is achieved by means of two functions, one function glomerular mechanical barrier, the second is responsible for glomerular barrier function. Mechanical barrier function means there is a way for glomerular filtration of small molecules, macromolecules and do not allow the ability to filter. This ability of macromolecules in the blood remaining in the blood, and small polar molecules in urine. The glomerular barrier is called charge is a positive charge to the material through the ability to ensure that the material to remain negatively charged blood. Through the above two functions is performed in the glomerular filtration process to ensure the blood with a positive charge of small molecules in the function of urine, through the above two functions is performed in the glomerular filtration process to ensure the blood with a positively charged small molecules function in urine.
Later, when medical science has found further that people also opened a glomerular filtration rate and renal tubular absorption secret. Found that mechanical barrier function of the glomerular capillary endothelium glomerular layer is derived from a functional cell - capillary endothelial cells and mesangial cells within the capillaries together and play a mechanical barrier. The glomerular barrier function of load is derived from a layer of glomerular function of skin cells - capillary epithelial cells have a capacity of negative charge control through the material. The three functional cells together before glomerular filtration process to ensure blood with a positively charged small molecules leak into the urine. The urine in the renal tubules, tubules have a function in endothelial cells - make the urine of renal tubular epithelial cells positively charged, while the body of the material that needs to be re-absorbed. These four functional across multiple cells ensures that controls useful in the blood retained in the blood substances, harmful substances in urine are eventually excreted. But once queapareceel cuerpocontra the disease, queprimerodará acambiosenla place compositionof human blood .And cause glomerular and tubular outside the capacity of their work, and for injury or damage to the balance of the initial filtration. Breaking the essence of this destruction of the four functions of cells or one or two or all damaged. This study found that it is often said that the decrease in GFR, glomerular and tubular function essentially on the basis of four cells the damage occurred. At this point, people come to a meaningful conclusion: the decline in renal function renal units - the glomerular filtration and tubular function and return results in decreased absorption, and decreased glomerular and tubular function right for this function is the glomerular and tubular cells - glomerular capillary endothelial cells, mesangial cells, epithelial cells and the role of tubular epithelial cells in the impairment of function after the destruction. Study here, finally found a GFR of the real reason - the composition of renal cell units, that is, the inherent functional cells are damaged renal function after damage was reduced.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Actually play the role of renal function is the function of the kidney cells. Main function is to clear the blood of harmful substances from the body, such scanning is the glomerular filtration. For this reason, people attach great importance to the ability of glomerular filtration of this force.
So what GFR refuse? To understand this problem, we first analyze how the glomerular filtration rate is achieved. One study found that the glomerular filtration is achieved by means of two functions, one function glomerular mechanical barrier, the second is responsible for glomerular barrier function. Mechanical barrier function means there is a way for glomerular filtration of small molecules, macromolecules and do not allow the ability to filter. This ability of macromolecules in the blood remaining in the blood, and small polar molecules in urine. The glomerular barrier is called charge is a positive charge to the material through the ability to ensure that the material to remain negatively charged blood. Through the above two functions is performed in the glomerular filtration process to ensure the blood with a positive charge of small molecules in the function of urine, through the above two functions is performed in the glomerular filtration process to ensure the blood with a positively charged small molecules function in urine.
Later, when medical science has found further that people also opened a glomerular filtration rate and renal tubular absorption secret. Found that mechanical barrier function of the glomerular capillary endothelium glomerular layer is derived from a functional cell - capillary endothelial cells and mesangial cells within the capillaries together and play a mechanical barrier. The glomerular barrier function of load is derived from a layer of glomerular function of skin cells - capillary epithelial cells have a capacity of negative charge control through the material. The three functional cells together before glomerular filtration process to ensure blood with a positively charged small molecules leak into the urine. The urine in the renal tubules, tubules have a function in endothelial cells - make the urine of renal tubular epithelial cells positively charged, while the body of the material that needs to be re-absorbed. These four functional across multiple cells ensures that controls useful in the blood retained in the blood substances, harmful substances in urine are eventually excreted. But once queapareceel cuerpocontra the disease, queprimerodará acambiosenla place compositionof human blood .And cause glomerular and tubular outside the capacity of their work, and for injury or damage to the balance of the initial filtration. Breaking the essence of this destruction of the four functions of cells or one or two or all damaged. This study found that it is often said that the decrease in GFR, glomerular and tubular function essentially on the basis of four cells the damage occurred. At this point, people come to a meaningful conclusion: the decline in renal function renal units - the glomerular filtration and tubular function and return results in decreased absorption, and decreased glomerular and tubular function right for this function is the glomerular and tubular cells - glomerular capillary endothelial cells, mesangial cells, epithelial cells and the role of tubular epithelial cells in the impairment of function after the destruction. Study here, finally found a GFR of the real reason - the composition of renal cell units, that is, the inherent functional cells are damaged renal function after damage was reduced.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
The food nephropathy patient
How food the patient can eat food nephropathy today mention understanding of it.
? It can eat salt and alkali nefropatía?el normal adult daily intake of about 5 to 6 grams of salt, overeating sodium salt, easy water retention in the body, the edema induced, therefore, in patients with renal edema should control salt intake 2-3 grams of salt intake per person is the low-salt diet.
? You can eat fish, shrimp, egg, meat, etcétera?alimento fish, and some kidney patients eat consciously, that's not good for the kidneys, in fact, that type of food is high quality protein in allergic diseases such as allergic purpura nephritis due to heterosexual protein allergy or suspected allergy history should be used with caution fish, usually without taboos. Fish, shrimp, eggs, meat, protein-rich animal foods is the body's cells, tissues, mainly building materials, the human body is very important, after eating the liver breaks down foods containing protein excretion renal, so when kidney function decreases, reducing protein intake must be appropriate, not only to meet the nutritional needs of human metabolism, without increasing the burden on the kidney with the principle. Some patients with renal disease is not serious and do not dare to eat protein or protein disease sometimes have to limit care are not correct.
This is the patient nephropathy food, if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
? It can eat salt and alkali nefropatía?el normal adult daily intake of about 5 to 6 grams of salt, overeating sodium salt, easy water retention in the body, the edema induced, therefore, in patients with renal edema should control salt intake 2-3 grams of salt intake per person is the low-salt diet.
? You can eat fish, shrimp, egg, meat, etcétera?alimento fish, and some kidney patients eat consciously, that's not good for the kidneys, in fact, that type of food is high quality protein in allergic diseases such as allergic purpura nephritis due to heterosexual protein allergy or suspected allergy history should be used with caution fish, usually without taboos. Fish, shrimp, eggs, meat, protein-rich animal foods is the body's cells, tissues, mainly building materials, the human body is very important, after eating the liver breaks down foods containing protein excretion renal, so when kidney function decreases, reducing protein intake must be appropriate, not only to meet the nutritional needs of human metabolism, without increasing the burden on the kidney with the principle. Some patients with renal disease is not serious and do not dare to eat protein or protein disease sometimes have to limit care are not correct.
This is the patient nephropathy food, if you have any questions please comment below, email or live chat. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Process blood purification
Blood in the blood purification own body, and purification by specialized equipment, toxins, metabolites, antibodies, immune blood or other pathogenic substances, in so doing, for the treatment of kidney disease and other diseases of the patient complex.
There are several ways that are hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption and others. In all these methods, the advantages of hemodialysis to spread while using immunoadsorption hemoperfusion and removing these pathogenic substances. Plasma plasmapheresis intended to replace pathogenicity and health sites.
? What does this do?
This is because different molecules of the material are suitable for a variety of process of blood purification. For these small molecules, hemodialysis can be done. But immunosorbent hemoperfusion is an expert in intermediate molecules discharge, or even macromolecules.
Indications hemodialysis, including:
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Poisoning by drugs or poisons
His patients with contraindications:
Shock or hypotension
Surgery is not more than 3 days
Severe bleeding
Extreme hypertension
Heart problems
Severe anemia
advanced tumors
serious illness
Elderly patients
The patient's blood hemoperfusion, the effect is driven outward, and these substances with proteins or lipids (ie can not be deleted, hemodialysis) removing the adsorbent material. The most commonly used resin and activated carbon adsorbent material. The treatment is used to remove drugs or poisons from the blood in an emergency, you can also take the treatment of renal failure and other complications, hemoperfusion not remove excess fluid from the body can not correct the electrolyte imbalance.
One thing to bear in mind is probably only their toxins blood perfusion, instead of correcting the pathophysiological changes, which means it works in relieving symptoms rather than addressing the root causes.
Plasma exchange, called plasma, plasma clearance, handling, and return to the circulation of blood to the in vitro treatment. This procedure is used to treat various diseases, such as diseases of the immune system. You can get rid of the following risk factors:
uremic toxins
toxins circulating
antibody
Immune system
Excess LDL (low density lipoprotein)
paraprotein
Indications:
Kidney disease
Diseases mediated by anti-GBM antibodies (Goodpasture's syndrome)
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Multiple myeloma-induced kidney failure
Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis immunoadsorption
Adsorptive material immunoadsorption remove these toxins from the blood, and waste metabolites.
Your Advantages:
Patients receiving this therapy reduced risk of infection
Can be selectively removed, in particular foreign matter.
Different patients with different adsorption conditions.
At this point you are taking medication has no effect.
Other treatments include filtration of blood or LDL apheresis, etc.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
There are several ways that are hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption and others. In all these methods, the advantages of hemodialysis to spread while using immunoadsorption hemoperfusion and removing these pathogenic substances. Plasma plasmapheresis intended to replace pathogenicity and health sites.
? What does this do?
This is because different molecules of the material are suitable for a variety of process of blood purification. For these small molecules, hemodialysis can be done. But immunosorbent hemoperfusion is an expert in intermediate molecules discharge, or even macromolecules.
Indications hemodialysis, including:
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Poisoning by drugs or poisons
His patients with contraindications:
Shock or hypotension
Surgery is not more than 3 days
Severe bleeding
Extreme hypertension
Heart problems
Severe anemia
advanced tumors
serious illness
Elderly patients
The patient's blood hemoperfusion, the effect is driven outward, and these substances with proteins or lipids (ie can not be deleted, hemodialysis) removing the adsorbent material. The most commonly used resin and activated carbon adsorbent material. The treatment is used to remove drugs or poisons from the blood in an emergency, you can also take the treatment of renal failure and other complications, hemoperfusion not remove excess fluid from the body can not correct the electrolyte imbalance.
One thing to bear in mind is probably only their toxins blood perfusion, instead of correcting the pathophysiological changes, which means it works in relieving symptoms rather than addressing the root causes.
Plasma exchange, called plasma, plasma clearance, handling, and return to the circulation of blood to the in vitro treatment. This procedure is used to treat various diseases, such as diseases of the immune system. You can get rid of the following risk factors:
uremic toxins
toxins circulating
antibody
Immune system
Excess LDL (low density lipoprotein)
paraprotein
Indications:
Kidney disease
Diseases mediated by anti-GBM antibodies (Goodpasture's syndrome)
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Multiple myeloma-induced kidney failure
Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis immunoadsorption
Adsorptive material immunoadsorption remove these toxins from the blood, and waste metabolites.
Your Advantages:
Patients receiving this therapy reduced risk of infection
Can be selectively removed, in particular foreign matter.
Different patients with different adsorption conditions.
At this point you are taking medication has no effect.
Other treatments include filtration of blood or LDL apheresis, etc.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
2014年12月24日星期三
Treatment of renal failure
The kidney is a great memory, a kidney is contained more than one million
glomeruli. But not both simultaneously glomerular work, some at work, some
others are rested. After kidney injuries occur can lead to chronic renal
failure? How pie chronic renal failure? The experts noted that there are two
main methods, the following details.
1. Western medicine treatment of chronic renal failure
For mechanisms of chronic renal failure, western medicine thinks that kidney failure to a large number of renal units were destroyed, the remaining nephrons excessive work, should so does the speed of damage to turn renal unit, sclerosis and fibrosis accelerate, creating a vicious circle. Currently Western medicine treatment of chronic renal failure in addition to dialysis, kidney transplant no other better treatment options.
According to the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure, insisting on the cause of treatment: Aggressive treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and avoid snuff temperance, strict control of salt, avoid eating animal waste, seafood. Block or inhibit the development of progressive renal units damaging ways to protect the health of the nephron.
2. TCM Treatment of chronic renal failure
TCM our deep country, Chinese herb outdoor use, internal diseases treated outside Nel field of treating kidney disease in the country's first! Diagnosis of Chinese medicine and treatment for the most appropriate treatment for general treatment chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is the end stage renal disease, spleen and kidney failure are the most common, spleen deficiency may be fatigue, spleen lost health movement, lack of source of qi and blood, kidney weakness may be lumbago, this pain low back pain with mainly fatigue and increases after after after rests improved. The use of Chinese medicine can cure renal therapy can dramatically improve the symptoms and treatment of spleen deficiency.
Above is treating kidney failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Western medicine treatment of chronic renal failure
For mechanisms of chronic renal failure, western medicine thinks that kidney failure to a large number of renal units were destroyed, the remaining nephrons excessive work, should so does the speed of damage to turn renal unit, sclerosis and fibrosis accelerate, creating a vicious circle. Currently Western medicine treatment of chronic renal failure in addition to dialysis, kidney transplant no other better treatment options.
According to the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure, insisting on the cause of treatment: Aggressive treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and avoid snuff temperance, strict control of salt, avoid eating animal waste, seafood. Block or inhibit the development of progressive renal units damaging ways to protect the health of the nephron.
2. TCM Treatment of chronic renal failure
TCM our deep country, Chinese herb outdoor use, internal diseases treated outside Nel field of treating kidney disease in the country's first! Diagnosis of Chinese medicine and treatment for the most appropriate treatment for general treatment chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is the end stage renal disease, spleen and kidney failure are the most common, spleen deficiency may be fatigue, spleen lost health movement, lack of source of qi and blood, kidney weakness may be lumbago, this pain low back pain with mainly fatigue and increases after after after rests improved. The use of Chinese medicine can cure renal therapy can dramatically improve the symptoms and treatment of spleen deficiency.
Above is treating kidney failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness features all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Treatment of renal failure
We all know kidney disease needs new blood to supply the body of a variety of
trace elements and oxygen needed, our hospital blood sedimentation theory that
aims to treat.
Hospital treatment of kidney disease is characterized by traditional medicine china Consiste to use the methods of traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood system, clean through the blood for the treatment of renal disease. The treatment of blood stains is also known. Our therapy is unique because only our hospital is done by clearing the blood of strange for the treatment of kidney disease body. Western medicine treatment changed the idea of no longer follows the like for dealing with the treatment of various types of inflammation medicines, but through the blood rule for achieving phase of inflammation, in addition to the lesion, to achieve kidney disease purpose of healing. Inflammatory lesions where no specific drug treatment, continuing to switch to clean the blood approach to treatment.
According to the medical theory, regardless of any position of the inflammatory lesions of the body, due to human blood caused by inflammatory cytokines. You can say, blood, body inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions mutually influence life.For conditions aside, inflammatory factors in the blood to inflammatory lesions around a big meeting, which brought the body to aggravate more lesions, inflammatory lesions and increasingly aggravated by the release of inflammatory cytokines more turn promote blood inflammatory cytokines further increased. While the increase in inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions continues to expand, is also the cause of kidney disease has increased. Therefore, this contradiction is not resolved, kidney disease can not be cured. Therefore, in the present circumstances, should be the way to resolve this contradiction is? Our idea treatment is finding ways to reduce both dependencies between them to promote the removal of conditions. Our focus is the treatment of choice of the best efforts to eliminate inflammatory factors in the blood. We believe that the time we have the means to inflammatory cytokines in the patient's blood removed, then gathered in inflammatory lesions around the inflammatory cytokines will become less.
In this case, we talk about the use of some medications restoration inflammatory lesions, the patient's body is the treatment of inflammatory lesions day is reduced. So, gradually formed a less inflammatory cytokines, a good situation smaller inflammatory lesions. With the gradual consolidation of this situation, renal disease slowly restored. These inflammatory cytokines in cleaning, repairing injuries antiinflammatory treatment, form our unique ideas and methods of treatment.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Hospital treatment of kidney disease is characterized by traditional medicine china Consiste to use the methods of traditional Chinese medicine to treat blood system, clean through the blood for the treatment of renal disease. The treatment of blood stains is also known. Our therapy is unique because only our hospital is done by clearing the blood of strange for the treatment of kidney disease body. Western medicine treatment changed the idea of no longer follows the like for dealing with the treatment of various types of inflammation medicines, but through the blood rule for achieving phase of inflammation, in addition to the lesion, to achieve kidney disease purpose of healing. Inflammatory lesions where no specific drug treatment, continuing to switch to clean the blood approach to treatment.
According to the medical theory, regardless of any position of the inflammatory lesions of the body, due to human blood caused by inflammatory cytokines. You can say, blood, body inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions mutually influence life.For conditions aside, inflammatory factors in the blood to inflammatory lesions around a big meeting, which brought the body to aggravate more lesions, inflammatory lesions and increasingly aggravated by the release of inflammatory cytokines more turn promote blood inflammatory cytokines further increased. While the increase in inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory lesions continues to expand, is also the cause of kidney disease has increased. Therefore, this contradiction is not resolved, kidney disease can not be cured. Therefore, in the present circumstances, should be the way to resolve this contradiction is? Our idea treatment is finding ways to reduce both dependencies between them to promote the removal of conditions. Our focus is the treatment of choice of the best efforts to eliminate inflammatory factors in the blood. We believe that the time we have the means to inflammatory cytokines in the patient's blood removed, then gathered in inflammatory lesions around the inflammatory cytokines will become less.
In this case, we talk about the use of some medications restoration inflammatory lesions, the patient's body is the treatment of inflammatory lesions day is reduced. So, gradually formed a less inflammatory cytokines, a good situation smaller inflammatory lesions. With the gradual consolidation of this situation, renal disease slowly restored. These inflammatory cytokines in cleaning, repairing injuries antiinflammatory treatment, form our unique ideas and methods of treatment.
If you are other problems, please leave a message at the bottom or free with our customer communication online part. Our mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
The cause of renal failure
1. Acute renal failure
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply to the kidneys (eg or scratches or burns, renal obstruction due to some factors that cause dysfunction or damage venom causes acute renal failure.
2. Chronic renal failure
As renal disease in the long term, with time and the disease progresses, progressive decline in renal function, leading to kidney failure.
? What are the causes of kidney failure?
1. Metabolic disorders caused by damage to the kidneys, such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis etc.
2. vascular, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis nephropathy ect.
3. Chronic glomerulonephritis, such IGA nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis ect.
4. Systemic diseases of the body, such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma ect.
Studies show that in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients, representing the first is diabetic nephropathy, which is about 27.7%, the second is the hypertensive renal damage, accounting for 22.7 %, chronic glomerulonephritis accounted for the first three, approximately 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24.5%. And there are about 6% and 9% of patients with chronic renal failure is difficult to determine the cause.
Above is the cause of renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Usually caused by insufficient blood supply to the kidneys (eg or scratches or burns, renal obstruction due to some factors that cause dysfunction or damage venom causes acute renal failure.
2. Chronic renal failure
As renal disease in the long term, with time and the disease progresses, progressive decline in renal function, leading to kidney failure.
? What are the causes of kidney failure?
1. Metabolic disorders caused by damage to the kidneys, such as diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy and renal amyloidosis etc.
2. vascular, such as hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, renal arteriosclerosis nephropathy ect.
3. Chronic glomerulonephritis, such IGA nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis ect.
4. Systemic diseases of the body, such as lupus nephritis, vasculitis kidney damage, multiple myeloma ect.
Studies show that in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients, representing the first is diabetic nephropathy, which is about 27.7%, the second is the hypertensive renal damage, accounting for 22.7 %, chronic glomerulonephritis accounted for the first three, approximately 21.2%, 3.9% polycystic kidney disease, a variety of other causes accounted for 24.5%. And there are about 6% and 9% of patients with chronic renal failure is difficult to determine the cause.
Above is the cause of renal failure? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
2014年12月23日星期二
The food of all types of patient nephropathy
Nephropathy there are many types, but different type should be considered in the food is also different then? What rating at food differently nephropathy? Then understand.
1.La food of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Trace elements added: nephrotic syndrome patients due to increased permeability of the GBM in addition to losing a large amount of protein in the urine, but also lost both the binding protein and certain trace elements hormones cause for body calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements deficiency, should be given appropriate complementary. General can eat rich in vitamins and trace elements including vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood, etc.
Food 2.La patients with uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid nephropathy have to drink more water, ensuring adequate urine output (daily, up to 2000ml) controlled purine intake, take a purine food Eclipse hill, bajo100g eat meat every day; Should be fasting lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other plant and animal foods.
Food 3.La patients with renal insufficiency
Patients not undergoing dialysis: common in chronic nephritis with mild - moderate renal insufficiency. Quality low-protein diet (0.4 ~ 0.8g / kg / d), try to control the intake of protein. More food starch to increase the heat. Dialysis patients: Ensure adequate nutrition and compensate for the loss of dialysis, to ensure that a positive nitrogen balance; Daily high quality protein-based protein (1.0-1.2g / kg / d).
Estes are the foods of all types of patient nephropathy. If you do not understand, please comment below, email or live chat. The mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
1.La food of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Trace elements added: nephrotic syndrome patients due to increased permeability of the GBM in addition to losing a large amount of protein in the urine, but also lost both the binding protein and certain trace elements hormones cause for body calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements deficiency, should be given appropriate complementary. General can eat rich in vitamins and trace elements including vegetables, fruits, grains, seafood, etc.
Food 2.La patients with uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid nephropathy have to drink more water, ensuring adequate urine output (daily, up to 2000ml) controlled purine intake, take a purine food Eclipse hill, bajo100g eat meat every day; Should be fasting lentils, spinach, wine, tea, coffee, animal offal, nuts and other plant and animal foods.
Food 3.La patients with renal insufficiency
Patients not undergoing dialysis: common in chronic nephritis with mild - moderate renal insufficiency. Quality low-protein diet (0.4 ~ 0.8g / kg / d), try to control the intake of protein. More food starch to increase the heat. Dialysis patients: Ensure adequate nutrition and compensate for the loss of dialysis, to ensure that a positive nitrogen balance; Daily high quality protein-based protein (1.0-1.2g / kg / d).
Estes are the foods of all types of patient nephropathy. If you do not understand, please comment below, email or live chat. The mailbox is enfermedad-renal@hotmail.com.
Pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis
Treatment included remission induction and maintenance therapy.
1. Aspires Remission induction is fast disease control, disease strive complete remission (including functional recovery of serological markers, symptoms and organ damage).
2. Maintenance therapy with low dose immunosuppressive agents to control the disease, prevention of disease recurrence and small drug side effects.
(1) Glucocorticoids: It's main drug treatment can significantly improve clinical and prognosis of patients, but the specific product should be based on whether there SLE disease activity and treatment type and follow the principle of individual classification.
① Prednisone: Adults are 0.8 ~ l mg / (kg / d), a total of 8 ~ 12 weeks after stable condition, enters phase reduction treatment to the maintenance dose (every other day 0.4mg / kg), full course of treatment of 1-2 years or more.
② The methylprednisolone pulse therapy: activities for SLE and LN pathological changes in severe cases, such type Ⅳ ln fusion crescent formation. Common scenarios: Each 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously daily or every two days, a time, three times during a course, if necessary, within 3 to 7 days repeat, Total 1 ~ 3 courses. But pay attention to complications such as infections and sodium retention.
(2) Cytotoxic drugs: For the type of diffuse proliferative LN or poor patients hormone efficacy must be added cytotoxic drugs.
① Cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide, CTX): General methods oral CTX is 2 ~ 4 mg / (kg / d), but now considered NIH program is superior to conventional methods orally, used CTX 0.5 ~ 1.0g / m2 surface area body, enters 0.9% saline intravenous infusion of 250 ml, less than 1 hour, 1 time each month crash, a total of 6 times, then every three months shock 1 time still active after leaving impact 1 year, Total <12g. Treatment should pay attention to the fully hydrated alkaline urine, and to monitor changes in the blood, adverse reactions are reversible myelosuppression, infection, have nausea, vomiting, alopecia, gonadal suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, carcinogenic, teratogenic ect. European programs: CTX 500 mg iv / 2 weeks, a total of 6 times, then give azathioprine 2 mg / kg, Total 2.5 years. NIH and European programs combined with hormone therapy.
② The azathioprine (azathioprine): Dose l ~ 2mg / (kg / d), dose glucocorticoid therapy usually combined, or as maintenance therapy.
③ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): As a new immunosuppressant, can selectively inhibit the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes suitable for the treatment of refractory ln, produce slow efficacy, along with hormone over, starting dose is 1.5 ~ 2.0g / d, achieved clinical remission after reduced to 1.0g / d, after the past six months, down to 0.75g / d, maintenance dose is usually not less than 0.5g / d, total treatment 1.5 ~ 2 years. Gastrointestinal side effects were reactions, infections, bone marrow suppression.
④ glycosides Tripterygium: 60 mg / day, divided doses, combined with hormones have some effect on LN, for mild or hormone, upon removal of reducing immunosuppression is most suitable for maintenance treatment, major adverse reactions were myelosuppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, menstrual disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms.
⑤ Cyclosporine (cyclosporine): Using starts 3 ~ 5mg / (kg / d), after taking 2-3 months Monthly least lmg / kg, reduced to 2.5mg / kg maintenance therapy doing. The main adverse reactions is liver toxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism.
⑥ Tacrolimus (tacrolimus) inhibit the activity of T cells and inflammatory cytokine responses, some scholars have suggested for the treatment of V-LN. Initial amount 0.08 ~ 0.1mg / (kg · d), two oral, with a low trough concentration is 5 ~ 15ng / ml. Should be based on the plasma concentration and dose adjustment Scr, after remission can be reduced 0.05mg / (kg / d), continued six months. Side effects include muscle tremors, hyperglycemia, A transient increase in creatinine, hepatic failure.
⑦ Leflunomide (1eflunomide): Leflunomide activity is an anti - immunomodulators proliferative different azoles, its mechanism is inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity and affects the pyrimidine synthesis of activated lymphocytes. Use once a day, every 2. Initially, three days dose (50mg / day) load, after the maintenance dose of 20 mg / day. Side effect is diarrhea, rash, bone marrow suppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, small number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
(3) The ways of treatment are studied:
① The x-ray irradiation Systemic lymph, 20 Gy course of 4 to 6 weeks.
② Dealing in vitro immunoadsorption, general 3 ~ 7 times.
③ therapy with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies as 0.3 mg / kg intravenously.
④ immune reconstitution therapy: The use of large doses of CTX with hematopoietic stem cells, eliminating the disease in bone marrow-derived immune cells.
Above is the pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Aspires Remission induction is fast disease control, disease strive complete remission (including functional recovery of serological markers, symptoms and organ damage).
2. Maintenance therapy with low dose immunosuppressive agents to control the disease, prevention of disease recurrence and small drug side effects.
(1) Glucocorticoids: It's main drug treatment can significantly improve clinical and prognosis of patients, but the specific product should be based on whether there SLE disease activity and treatment type and follow the principle of individual classification.
① Prednisone: Adults are 0.8 ~ l mg / (kg / d), a total of 8 ~ 12 weeks after stable condition, enters phase reduction treatment to the maintenance dose (every other day 0.4mg / kg), full course of treatment of 1-2 years or more.
② The methylprednisolone pulse therapy: activities for SLE and LN pathological changes in severe cases, such type Ⅳ ln fusion crescent formation. Common scenarios: Each 1 g of methylprednisolone intravenously daily or every two days, a time, three times during a course, if necessary, within 3 to 7 days repeat, Total 1 ~ 3 courses. But pay attention to complications such as infections and sodium retention.
(2) Cytotoxic drugs: For the type of diffuse proliferative LN or poor patients hormone efficacy must be added cytotoxic drugs.
① Cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide, CTX): General methods oral CTX is 2 ~ 4 mg / (kg / d), but now considered NIH program is superior to conventional methods orally, used CTX 0.5 ~ 1.0g / m2 surface area body, enters 0.9% saline intravenous infusion of 250 ml, less than 1 hour, 1 time each month crash, a total of 6 times, then every three months shock 1 time still active after leaving impact 1 year, Total <12g. Treatment should pay attention to the fully hydrated alkaline urine, and to monitor changes in the blood, adverse reactions are reversible myelosuppression, infection, have nausea, vomiting, alopecia, gonadal suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, carcinogenic, teratogenic ect. European programs: CTX 500 mg iv / 2 weeks, a total of 6 times, then give azathioprine 2 mg / kg, Total 2.5 years. NIH and European programs combined with hormone therapy.
② The azathioprine (azathioprine): Dose l ~ 2mg / (kg / d), dose glucocorticoid therapy usually combined, or as maintenance therapy.
③ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): As a new immunosuppressant, can selectively inhibit the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes suitable for the treatment of refractory ln, produce slow efficacy, along with hormone over, starting dose is 1.5 ~ 2.0g / d, achieved clinical remission after reduced to 1.0g / d, after the past six months, down to 0.75g / d, maintenance dose is usually not less than 0.5g / d, total treatment 1.5 ~ 2 years. Gastrointestinal side effects were reactions, infections, bone marrow suppression.
④ glycosides Tripterygium: 60 mg / day, divided doses, combined with hormones have some effect on LN, for mild or hormone, upon removal of reducing immunosuppression is most suitable for maintenance treatment, major adverse reactions were myelosuppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, menstrual disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms.
⑤ Cyclosporine (cyclosporine): Using starts 3 ~ 5mg / (kg / d), after taking 2-3 months Monthly least lmg / kg, reduced to 2.5mg / kg maintenance therapy doing. The main adverse reactions is liver toxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism.
⑥ Tacrolimus (tacrolimus) inhibit the activity of T cells and inflammatory cytokine responses, some scholars have suggested for the treatment of V-LN. Initial amount 0.08 ~ 0.1mg / (kg · d), two oral, with a low trough concentration is 5 ~ 15ng / ml. Should be based on the plasma concentration and dose adjustment Scr, after remission can be reduced 0.05mg / (kg / d), continued six months. Side effects include muscle tremors, hyperglycemia, A transient increase in creatinine, hepatic failure.
⑦ Leflunomide (1eflunomide): Leflunomide activity is an anti - immunomodulators proliferative different azoles, its mechanism is inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity and affects the pyrimidine synthesis of activated lymphocytes. Use once a day, every 2. Initially, three days dose (50mg / day) load, after the maintenance dose of 20 mg / day. Side effect is diarrhea, rash, bone marrow suppression, gonadal suppression, liver toxicity, small number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
(3) The ways of treatment are studied:
① The x-ray irradiation Systemic lymph, 20 Gy course of 4 to 6 weeks.
② Dealing in vitro immunoadsorption, general 3 ~ 7 times.
③ therapy with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies as 0.3 mg / kg intravenously.
④ immune reconstitution therapy: The use of large doses of CTX with hematopoietic stem cells, eliminating the disease in bone marrow-derived immune cells.
Above is the pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
Etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy have not known, currently considered multifactorial, some genetic basis, and the risk factors under the common disease.
1. Genetic factors
The proportion of diabetic nephropathy in men than in women. Studies in the US there are findings of the same living environment, African and Mexican prone diabetic nephropathy compared with whites. In the same race, some susceptible to diabetic nephropathy families, these are all signs of the presence of genetic factors. in diabetes type 1.40% to 50% occur microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes during the observation period is only 20% to 30% of diabetic nephropathy occurs, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role.
2. Abnormal Renal Hemodynamic
Diabetic nephropathy in early time can be observed in renal hemodynamic abnormalities, showed glomerular hyperfiltration and high perfusion, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased. And after protein intake increases the degree of increased more significant.
3. abnormal metabolism caused by hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia primarily hemodynamic and metabolic alterations abnormal renal lead to kidney damage, metabolic abnormalities that cause kidney damage mechanism include: ① disorder in glucose metabolism partial renal tissue through non-enzymatic glycosylation form of glycation end metabolites (AGES) .② Activation polyol pathway. ③ Diacylglycerol - activation of protein kinase c vía.④ Metabolic pathways of glycosaminoglycans is anomalous .In addition to participating in early hyperfiltration metabolic disorders, it is more important to promote thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and matrix accumulation extracellular. Increased glomerular hair.
4. Hypertension
Almost any hypertensive diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and microalbuminuria occurred in parallel, in type 2 diabetic nephropathy in frequency appear before the hypertension. The control status of blood pressure is closely related to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
5. Abnormal metabolism of vasoactive substances
The development and progression of diabetic nephropathy can be a variety of metabolic abnormalities of vasoactive substances. Include RAS, endothelin family of prostaglandins, growth factors and other metabolic disorders.
Above is etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
1. Genetic factors
The proportion of diabetic nephropathy in men than in women. Studies in the US there are findings of the same living environment, African and Mexican prone diabetic nephropathy compared with whites. In the same race, some susceptible to diabetic nephropathy families, these are all signs of the presence of genetic factors. in diabetes type 1.40% to 50% occur microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes during the observation period is only 20% to 30% of diabetic nephropathy occurs, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role.
2. Abnormal Renal Hemodynamic
Diabetic nephropathy in early time can be observed in renal hemodynamic abnormalities, showed glomerular hyperfiltration and high perfusion, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased. And after protein intake increases the degree of increased more significant.
3. abnormal metabolism caused by hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia primarily hemodynamic and metabolic alterations abnormal renal lead to kidney damage, metabolic abnormalities that cause kidney damage mechanism include: ① disorder in glucose metabolism partial renal tissue through non-enzymatic glycosylation form of glycation end metabolites (AGES) .② Activation polyol pathway. ③ Diacylglycerol - activation of protein kinase c vía.④ Metabolic pathways of glycosaminoglycans is anomalous .In addition to participating in early hyperfiltration metabolic disorders, it is more important to promote thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and matrix accumulation extracellular. Increased glomerular hair.
4. Hypertension
Almost any hypertensive diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and microalbuminuria occurred in parallel, in type 2 diabetic nephropathy in frequency appear before the hypertension. The control status of blood pressure is closely related to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
5. Abnormal metabolism of vasoactive substances
The development and progression of diabetic nephropathy can be a variety of metabolic abnormalities of vasoactive substances. Include RAS, endothelin family of prostaglandins, growth factors and other metabolic disorders.
Above is etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and Fitness has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
Precipitating and pathological factors of lupus nephritis
Precipitating factors
① genetics and physics: Close relatives of patients the incidence of up to 5% and 12%, the incidence of monozygotic twins is 69%, the incidence of fraternal twins is only 3% blacks and Asians .The incidence significantly more, it is suggested that the disease depends on genetic factors. Genetic susceptibility disease gene is located on chromosome 6. significantly higher incidence in women, suggest the role of endocrine factors.
② Environmental Factors: As seen from genetic factors is just a trend Susceptible, environmental factors be this disease plays an important role. virus infection such lentiviral virus infection - C, factors drugs such as penicillin, hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine lvpumaqin and ect. There are possible that amine and hydrazine drugs and thiol groups a relationship. After drugs and binding of nuclear histones, and the role of lymphocyte autoimmunity form. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus rarely violates the kidney and central nervous system. Irradiation of sunlight (UV) aggravate common disease in 40% of patients, UV DNA can converte the secret scam pyridine dimer, let this increased antigenicity, trigger the disease.
Pathophysiology
Glomerular lesions: common immune complexes can soothe, intrinsic cells (mesangial, endothelial and epithelial) swelling, hyperplasia, multicore and infiltration of mononuclear cells and capillary segmental necrosis. It is important to immune complex deposition in glomerular is basic lesion of the disease, may be deposited on the skin, endothelium, in the basal and mesangial membrane immunopathology IgG showed strong staining, often accompanied IgM and IgA, complement C3, Clq and C4 also more strongly positive, over 25% of patients showed a performance "full house" .Other changes, irregular pieces can mix things quiet subendothelial optical microscopy showed glomerular capillary drawing, also known as "white gold ear" phenomenon.
1. Macroalbuminuria: When molecules glomerular filtration membrane barriers and barrier determined by charge barrier is damaged glomerular filtration membrane plasma proteins (mainly albumin right) increased permeability to increase the protein content in urine original, when more amount of absorption back uptake distal tubule form massive proteinuria.
2. hematuria When the immune response to glomerular endothelial injury, damage of the filter membrane, the red blood cells form urine overflows hematuria.
3. Edema: hypertension, oliguria, hypoalbuminemia are the main reasons for edema LN.
Above is the precipitating factors and disease lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
① genetics and physics: Close relatives of patients the incidence of up to 5% and 12%, the incidence of monozygotic twins is 69%, the incidence of fraternal twins is only 3% blacks and Asians .The incidence significantly more, it is suggested that the disease depends on genetic factors. Genetic susceptibility disease gene is located on chromosome 6. significantly higher incidence in women, suggest the role of endocrine factors.
② Environmental Factors: As seen from genetic factors is just a trend Susceptible, environmental factors be this disease plays an important role. virus infection such lentiviral virus infection - C, factors drugs such as penicillin, hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine lvpumaqin and ect. There are possible that amine and hydrazine drugs and thiol groups a relationship. After drugs and binding of nuclear histones, and the role of lymphocyte autoimmunity form. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus rarely violates the kidney and central nervous system. Irradiation of sunlight (UV) aggravate common disease in 40% of patients, UV DNA can converte the secret scam pyridine dimer, let this increased antigenicity, trigger the disease.
Pathophysiology
Glomerular lesions: common immune complexes can soothe, intrinsic cells (mesangial, endothelial and epithelial) swelling, hyperplasia, multicore and infiltration of mononuclear cells and capillary segmental necrosis. It is important to immune complex deposition in glomerular is basic lesion of the disease, may be deposited on the skin, endothelium, in the basal and mesangial membrane immunopathology IgG showed strong staining, often accompanied IgM and IgA, complement C3, Clq and C4 also more strongly positive, over 25% of patients showed a performance "full house" .Other changes, irregular pieces can mix things quiet subendothelial optical microscopy showed glomerular capillary drawing, also known as "white gold ear" phenomenon.
1. Macroalbuminuria: When molecules glomerular filtration membrane barriers and barrier determined by charge barrier is damaged glomerular filtration membrane plasma proteins (mainly albumin right) increased permeability to increase the protein content in urine original, when more amount of absorption back uptake distal tubule form massive proteinuria.
2. hematuria When the immune response to glomerular endothelial injury, damage of the filter membrane, the red blood cells form urine overflows hematuria.
3. Edema: hypertension, oliguria, hypoalbuminemia are the main reasons for edema LN.
Above is the precipitating factors and disease lupus nephritis? If you are interested in our items, still pay attention to us please! We articles on various diseases of kidneys, include rudimetos, symptoms, treatment, diet and the gym has all the information? If you have any problem, you can consult our experts online or leave a message below!
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